A McDonald Family of London, India & Australia
Synopsis: Descendants of William Hubert McDonald: London & Australia

Surname Index Page McDonald Index Page Descendants of William Hubert McDonald MacDonald's of Castleton, Skye Other McDonald'sSources

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Descendants of William Hubert McDonald: London & Australia

On his marriage certificate William Hubert McDonald (c.1821-1887) stated his father was an army Lieutenant & also named William Hubert McDonald. Census records variously give William's place of birth as Scotland (likely just implying Scottish ancestry), India (twice) and Ireland (possibly an error for India). A search of the East India Company list of Officers (Madras, Bombay & Bengal) indicates there was only one William McDonald in India around 1821 who was also an officer, that was William Bannatyne MacDonald of Skye. William did have a son, born 1821 & baptised 1822, named William, however this child has been traced from 1841 to 1881 in census records living in the Isle of Skye, Scotland, and never married. Most children born to officers serving in India at this time were illegitimate (see the McDonald's of Castleton chart for background information on this) and were only baptised if the father so chose to - in fact many clergy in India at the time refused to baptise such children. Attempts to find William in the 1841 census have been unsuccessful - there were no William McDonald's in Islington in 1841, however there were a large number of William McDonald's of the right age scattered across the UK. For that matter there is no reason to assume that William was not still in India in 1841, however by 1847 William was a schoolmaster which implied both a high level of education and wealth, especially since his academy was in an exclusive part of London, not terribly consistent with him having recently arrived from India. According to an unverified online genealogy (which has the incorrect parentage for William), "William was brought up in India, then when he was 8 years old was sent to London, 21/9/1828 on the "Susan", accompanied by a Mrs Thomas, where he went to live with his great uncle, Major General Macleod in Kensington, London. Macleod died when William was 15 years old and he was then sent to a Teacher's training school. He later opened 'The Academy' in Islington, London. Major General William MacLeod was born 1759 & died 1836."[34,77] General Macleod was the uncle of of William Bannatyne MacDonald. Until his death Macleod resided at Arnisdale Villa, Fulham, London, Co Middlesex, England.[85] Attempts to have the above claims verified have been unsuccessful & I am unsure whether they are fact or supposition. To further complicate the situation, it is possible that William Hubert McDonald's marriage certificate may have inadvertently listed his own name instead of his father's name.
A search of Indian baptisms indexed on familysearch & also births of children of British officers serving in East India Company show only two William McDonald's born between 1818-1825: William Alexander MacDonald, born 1821 and William McDonald Jr, born 1824. William Alexander, illegitimate s/o William Bannatyne MacDonald, was in the Isle of Skye, Scotland by 1841 where he remained until after 1851, by 1881 he was living elsewhere in Scotland, still unmarried. William born 1824 was the second son of Commander William McDonald of the Bombay Marines. William Jr remained in Bombay state all of his life, marrying there in 1847 & dying (as William Hardy McDonald) in 1862. The next closest match was William McDonald, born 1817, s/o John. This would require William Hubert McDonald understating his age consistently by 5 years from his marriage, through various census' up to his age as listed on his death certificate, and also require William's father's name to be incorrectly listed on his marriage certificate. Neither of these are without precedent, however there is no evidence to point to such a possibility.
In addition to the officers serving with the East India Company (both army & navy), the British Army also had regiments serving in India and it is possible Lt. William McDonald was serving in one of those regiments. Available officer lists are sketchy and difficult to search, however lists are published for a number of years. A search of the 1819 List of British Army Officers does not show a William McDonald serving in India in that year.[148] However, the list is incomplete and further it is entirely possible that William's regiment arrived in India after 1819, so he would have been listed serving elsewhere. It may be possible to identify William by comparing the 1819 Army Officers List with the movements of Army regiments, however this would be a very lengthy task and possible only onsite at the National Archives in England. To further complicate matters, William may have alternatively been in the employ of one of the competitors of the East India Company - the HEIC was only a near monopoly, other British companies & companies from other European countries also had a presence, albeit much smaller, in India at the time. European officers also had employment with native rulers.


1.1. William Hubert McDonald, Sr,[39] probably born between 1770-1800 (from DOB of son, 1820). Lieutenant in the Army.[39] William was not in the HEIC (East India Company) forces and so probaby served in one of the British Army units that spent time in India. Scot's regiments based in India during the 1820s included the 74th & 78th Highland Regiments.[126] Married unknown.

Children of William Hubert McDonald:
*
 i.
  
 William Hubert MacDonald,[14,21,125] born 1821/1822,[14,15,16,18,19,25] India.[18,19]




1.1. William Hubert MacDonald,[14,21,125] (s/o Lieutenant William Hubert McDonald Sr,[39]), born 1821/1822,[14,15,16,18,19,25] India.[18,19] {1861 census gives DOB 1819.[17]} Died 8/11/1887, Carshalton, Epsom district, Co Surrey, England (65yo).[14,25,34,77] Informant was Elizabeth Darkin, niece (in-law).[77] Buried 12/11/1887, Carshalton, Epsom district, Co Surrey, England.[21] Schoolmaster, 1847, 1850, 1852, 1861.[17,37,38,39,77] Operated a private school, 1874.[125] Private tutor, 1871, 1881.[18,19] From 1850-1866 operated 'Thornhill House', an academy for 'Young Gentlemen'.[77]
Married Emma Read,[34,37,38] 15/5/1847,[14,25,39,77] Barnsbury Chapel,[25,39,77] Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England,[14] according to the rites of the Independent Dissenters by Charles Gilbert, minister.[39] Witnesses were John Read & Mary Ann Dixon (surname uncertain).[39] Both single & of full age.[39] William s/o William Hubert McDonald, Lieutenant in the army, Emma d/o Richard Read.[39] At the time of their marriage William resided No.28 Richmond Road, Islington, London, & Emma resided No.11 Denmark Street, Islington, London.[39] Emma, d/o Richard (a butcher[77]) & Mary,[21,39,77] born c.1818/1819,[14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,34] Kennington, Co Kent, England,[16,17,19,20] & baptised 17/1/1819, Kennington, Co Kent, England.[21] Emma died December quarter, 1891,[14,77] Brixton,[77] Lambeth district, Co Surrey, England (72yo).[14] & buried 24/11/1891, Carshalton, Epsom district, Co Surrey, England.[21] William resided 1847, No.28 Richmond Road, Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[25] Resided 1851, No.33 Thornhill Square, Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[15,16] Living with the family in 1851 were 5 juvenile boarders and 2 female servants.[16] No occupation was listed for William or Emma.[16] William's place of birth was listed as Ireland (presumably a mistake for India).[16] {Will H. McDonald (29yo), Emma (31yo), Emma A. (<8mo).[16]} Resided 1854, Thornhill House, 33 Thornhill Square, Middle Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[25] Resided 1861, No.33 Thornhill Square, Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[17] Living with the family in 1861 were 2 young boarders and a female servant.[17] William's place of birth listed as Scotland (presumably indicating Scottish ancestry).[17] {William H. McDonald (42yo), Emma (43yo), Emma A. (10yo), William H. (8yo), Henry R. (6yo).[17]} Resided 1871, 1874, No.17 Somerset Terrace, Milton Road, St Mary Stoke Newington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[18,125] {William McDonald (50yo), Emma (48yo), Emma A. (20yo), William H. (18yo), Henry R. (16yo).[18]} Resided 1881, Hale Cottages, Carshalton Road, Carshalton, Co Surrey, England.[19] Living with William was his grandson, William A. McDonald, born Co Middlesex.[19] {William H. McDonald (60yo), Emma (62yo), William A. (7yo).[19]} Emma resided, 1891, with son Henry, No.7 Aytoun Road, Stockwell, Lambeth, Co Surrey, England.[20]

Children of William Hubert McDonald & Emma Read:

i.
  
 Emma Augusta McDonald, born 27/8/1850,[14,16,17,18,21,25,37,77] Thornhill House, 33 Thornhill Square,[34,37] Middle Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[14,17,18,25,34] Informant was her father, William Hubert McDonald.[37] With parents, 1851, 1861, 1871.[15,16,17,18,77] Governess, 1871.[18] Married Richard Bennett Arthur, 18/8/1878, Carshalton, Epsom district, Co Surrey, England.[14,21] Richard, s/o Richard Bennett Sr & Evelina Hannah, born 1847,[21] Aylesbury, Co Buckinghamshire,[24] & baptised 14/2/1847, St Mary, Aylesbury, Co Buckinghamshire, England.[21] Richard, a widower, was previously married to Helen Morse, 23/12/1873, Epsom, Co Surrey, England.[21] {I have been unable to find any further trace of this family. They are not present in the 1880/1881 UK, US or Canadian census', no trace in the Australian & NZ BMD indices, no trace in FreeBMD no trace on familysearch.org and no trace in later UK census'. Emma's illegitimate son was living with Emma's parents in 1881} Emma resided, 1874, No.2 Northumberland Park, Tottenham, Edmonton district, London, Co Middlesex, England.[73]
Children: (a)
  
 William Alexander Perrin McDonald, born 8/4/1874,[14,19,25,73] No.2 Northumberland Park,[73] Tottenham, Edmonton district, London, Co Middlesex, England.[14,19,73] Son of William Perrin, writer (Ornamental Writer (Painter) in 1881 census.[19]).[73] Informant was Emma Provisions assistant, 1891.[20] Bank messenger, 1901.[26] Resided, 1881, with grandparents, William & Emma McDonald, Hale Cottages, Carshalton Road, Carshalton, Co Surrey, England.[19] Resided 1891, with uncle, Henry Read McDonald, No.7 Aytoun Road, Stockwell, Lambeth, Co Surrey, England.[20] Married Laura Emily L. W. Davis, December quarter, 1896, Poplar district, London, England.[14] {Poplar includes the parishes of Bow, Bromley & Poplar.[14]} Laura born 1871, Milston, Co Wiltshire, England.[26] {No obvious marriage on FreeBMD} Resided 1901, No.51 St Oswald's Road (now Ongar Road), Fulham, Co Middlesex, London, England.[26]
Children: (1)
  
 Alexander Arthur W. McDonald, born March quarter, 1901, Fulham, Co Middlesex, London, England.[14,26] With parents, 1901.[26]
*
 ii.
William Herbert McDonald, born 10/6/1852,[14,17,18,25,34,38] Thornhill House, 33 Thornhill Square,[25,34,38] Middle Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[14,17,18,25] Informant was his father, William Hubert McDonald.[38]

iii.
Henry Read McDonald, born 15/1//1854,[14,17,18,20,23,25,34,77] Thornhill House, 33 Thornhill Square,[25,34,77] Middle Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[14,17,18,20,23,34] Died between 1891-1901. {No death of a Henry R. in this period however FreeBMD has the deaths of several Henry McDonald's. Henry's wife was a widow by 1901} With parents, 1861, 1871.[17] Apprentice (trade unspecified), 1871.[18] Butler/Domestic Servant, 1881.[23] Shop assistant at stores, 1891.[20] Married Ellen Laura Mansfield, 26/3/1877,[14,25,34,77] St Mary, Boltons,[25,34,77] Kensington district, Co Surrey, England.[14] Ellen, d/o James Edwin & Matilda,[21,34,77] born 1851, Great Ervills, Hambledon, Co Hampshire, England,[20,23,25,31,32,77] baptised 26/8/1851, Hambledon, Co Hampshire, England,[21] & died September quarter,[14] 1915,[14,25,34,77] Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales (64yo, MacDonald).[14,34,77] Ellen was a cook & housekeeper servant, 1881.[23] Domestic housekeeper, 1901.[28,31] Resided 1881, Victoria Road, Colchester Holy Trinity, Co Essex, England.[23] The head of the household with Charlotte Morton, an unemployed governess (unmarried, 58yo), listed as a visitor, also at the same residence was Frances Geach & Emma Johns, both nurse/servants.[23] {Henry, Ellen, Charlotte, Frances & Emma appear to have all been household servants living at the residence. At the time of the census the owner (and family) were evidently elsewhere, perhaps the Colchester property was a country estate? In 1881 Colchester Holy Trinity was a town with 1369 residents} Resided 1891, No.7 Aytoun Road, North Brixton, Stockwell, Lambeth, Co Surrey, England.[20] Living with them was Emma McDonald (widowed mother), William A. (nephew) & George E. Percival (22yo, clerk), a boarder.[20] Ellen resided, 1901, in household of John Payne Satchel, No.34 Marlborough Road, Brynmill, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[28,31] Ellen resided, 1911, No.18 Alexandra Terrace, Brynmill, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[32] Living with Ellen was here three children & Emily Lamb, 44yo, laundry hand.[32]
Children: (a)
  
 Emily Gertrude McDonald, born 23/10/1886,[14,20,25,31,34,77] Aytoun Road, Brixton,[25] South Lambeth, Co Surrey, England.[14,20,31] Died 1966, Bolingbroke Hospital, Clapham, London, England.[25,34,77] With parents, 1891.[20] With mother, 1901 (14yo, 'McDonal').[31] With mother, 1911 (24yo).[32] Married Robert William Dunn.[25,77] Robert, s/o Robert William Dunn & Ellen Dent,[34,77] born 18/3/1872, Bristol,[25,34] & died 1952, York, Co Yorkshire, England.[25,34] Married 2nd Edward Thomas John.[25,77] Edward born 1893 & died 1973.[25]
Children: (1)
  
 Ellen Molly Dunn,[77] born 21/3/1912, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[34] Married Stanley David Stuart.[77] Stanley s/o William & Rosetta.[77]
(2)
Dorothy Margaret Dunn, born 10/1915, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[34,77] Died 7/8/1968.[34,77] Married William Sidney Fellowes.[77]
(3)
Alice Marjorie Dunn,[77] born 1/4/1918, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[34] Married Basil Ivor Duke Cardew.[34] Basil, s/o A. R. D. Cardew,[77] born 1906, London, England.[34]
(b)
Henry Percy Reid McDonald, born 23/10/1886,[14,20,25,30,34,77] Aytoun Road, Brixton,[25] South Lambeth, Co Surrey, England.[14,20,31] Died June quarter, 1929, Kensington district, London, England.[19,25,34,77] {[25] gives middle name as Reid. Birth, marriage & death on FreeBMD gives middle initial as H.} With parents, 1891.[20] With mother, 1901 (14yo, 'McDonal').[31] With mother, 1911 (24yo).[32] Boy in furniture manufactory, 1901.[31] Driver, 1911.[32] Married Ellen Watson (nee King[25]), December quarter, 1911, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[14] No issue.[25]
(c)
Ellen Gladys McDonald, born 23/3/1891,[25,34,77] Stockwell, Lambeth, Co Surrey, England.[31,32] {[25] gives DOB as stated, however birth registered June quarter, 1892.[14]} Died 1962, Swansea, Co Glamorganshire, Wales.[25,77] With mother, 1901 (9yo, 'McDonal').[31] With mother, 1911 (19yo).[32] Married Edgar James Francis,[14,25] September quarter, 1914, Bedwellty, Co Monmouthshire, Wales.[14] Had issue.[25]


Hammersmith Broadway & Queen Street, Fulham, early 1800s
Hammersmith Broadway & Queen Street,
Fulham, London, early 1800s
Painting - James Pollard (1792-1867)
28-30 Richmond Ave (fmrly Rd), Islington, London
28-30 Richmond Avenue (formerly Road),
Islington, London
Photograph - Google StreetView
Denmark Road (now Dewey Road), Islington, London
Denmark Road (now Dewey Road),
Islington, London
Photograph - London Town

1868: "Fulham, a parish in the Kensington division of the hundred of Ossulstone, Co Middlesex, 2 miles south of Hammersmith, and 6 SW of the (London) General Post-Office. It is situated in a bend of the Thames, being bounded on the east, south & west by that river, and is opposite Putney, with which it is connected by a bridge. Parsons Green, Walham Green, and North End, are included in the parish, and Hammersmith formed part of it till 1834, when that was made a separate parish. This place traces its history very far back; towards the close of the 7th century, in the reign of Offa, it is noticed as Fullenham, when it was given to the Bishop of London, and has continued to be the property of that see till the present time. In 879 the Danes established themselves here and formed an encampment. The place was also occupied by the forces of the parliament in the reign of Charles I. A considerable portion of the parish is laid out in nursery grounds and market gardens, producing large quantities of asparagus. The village, situated on the north bank of the Thames, consists of three irregular built streets, and of several ranges of handsome modern houses in the direction of Walham Green, with detached villas. It is partially paved, lighted with gas, and supplied with water. Here are some potteries for the manufacture of the coarser kinds of earthenware. The Fulham Union workhouse, a modern red brick building, is in this parish, as also four lunatic asylums belonging to private individuals, the principal of which is Dr. Elliot's, Munster House, once a hunting-seat of Charles II. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of London, value £835, in the patronage of the bishop, who is also lord of the manor. The church, an ancient stone edifice, with tower erected in the 14th century, is dedicated to All Saints, and contains tombs, tablets, and other monumental records of many of the bishops of London, and a brass of 1529. There are also two district churches, viz: St. John's, Walham Green, a perpetual curacy, value £180, in the gift of the vicar; and St. Mary's, North End, a perpetual curacy The endowments of the parish amount to upwards of £600 per annum; the principal of which are Bishop King's, producing £122, Bishop Porteus's £23, and the almshouse, with an income of about £80 per annum. The Roman Catholics have a handsome church, dedicated to St. Thomas. It is a stone structure with tower, and has a cemetery attached. The Wesleyans have two places of worship, and there are National, Roman Catholic, and Wesleyan schools in connection with the several churches and chapels. Fulham Palace, the seat of the bishop, is a brick building, commenced in the reign of Henry VII., and has two courts, a chapel, and extensive grounds, in which are many exotic plants and trees. The chapel contains portraits of most of the bishops who have had residence here. In the vicinity are several old family mansions, as Lisle's Place, Stourton House, and Claybrook House, names which indicate the families they have belonged to. Kent, the eminent artist in perspective gardening, lived at Colehill House. North-End is a district in the parish of Fulham, 1 mile east of Hammersmith, and 6 miles SW of St. Paul's, London. It is situated at the bridge over the Thames opposite Putney, and was the residence of Foote, the tragedian; Bartolozzi, the engraver; Tonson, the bookseller; and Richardson, the author of Clarissa Harlowe. (The area shown as North End on a map of 1888 is just South of West Kensington station, the area which is now between North End Road and Earl's Court). Parson's Green is hamlet in the parish of Fulham. It is situated near the bridge over the Thames. Several eminent persons have resided here, as Lord Bacon, Richardson, and Addison. Walham-Green is a district chapelry in the parish of Fulham, 1 mile NE of Fulham, its post town, and 5 SW of St. Paul's. It is situated near the river Thames. In 1861 the ecclesiastical district contained a population of 6,931. The living is a perpetual curacy in the diocese of London, value £180, in the patronage of the Vicar of Fulham. The church, dedicated to St. John, was erected in 1829 at an expense of about £10,000. The Butchers' Almshouses are situated here."[National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland, 1868] For an excellent history of Fulham, written in 1903, follow this link. The Barnsbury Congregationalist Chapel and School Room was located at the corner of Barnsbury and Milner streets, Islington. Built in 1835 by Rev. Charles Gilbert, the first minister, after he resigned from the Islington chapel. The Barnsbury Chapel seated 500 in 1838. It was reopened 1841 after alterations, then seating 550. The chapel was a stuccoed two-storeyed neoclassical building with twin porticoes on Doric columns and tall round-arched windows. In 1851 it seated 708, with 556 members of the morning congregation & 347 members of the evening congregation, and an average attendance of 720. The building was restored in 1876, with seating then for 750. By 1903 the morning numbers had dropped to 113 whilst the evening had risen to 497. The numbers continued to decline and the chapel was closed in 1909. Gilbert was previously the minister of the Islington Congregationalist Chapel (founded 1788). Due to internal politics Gilbert seceeded and founded the Barnsbury Chapel. The Islington Chapel closed in 1979.[British History Online] The Boltons is a street located in the Kensington area of southwest central London. The street is divided into two crescents to the west and east with large expensive houses and communal gardens in the centre.[Wikipedia] Westward of the properties in Drayton Gardens and south of the Old Brompton Road an area extending to Brompton Cemetery comprises some 93 acres which in 1800 were almost entirely unbuilt upon. To the southward the area was bounded, east of Walnut Tree Walk on the line of Redcliffe Gardens, by the properties fronting Fulham Road which constituted part of the small township of Little Chelsea, while beyond Walnut Tree Walk the unbuilt area extended south to Fulham Road itself. The only important part affected by residential use was the 3 acres or so of mansion and garden at Coleherne House, a substantial dwelling house since the seventeenth century. Between about 1802-1845 some 8 acres more, near the Old Brompton Road, were devoted to nine villas or 'cottages' and their gardens or pleasure grounds. All but one lay east of Coleherne House. These were mostly built, about the same time as some villas north of the Old Brompton Road, on part of the property acquired by James Gunter, and it was on the large remainder of his property, that the spread of building began in about 1850 which over the next 25 years or so covered almost all the area with streets of houses. On the 82 acres developed between 1850-1876, some 1,100 houses, 2 churches, 90 or so mews premises and 5 public houses were built, and the greater part of this survives today.[The Boltons & Redcliffe Square]

33 Thornhill Square, Islington
33 Thornhill Square, Islington (end)
Photograph - Google StreetView
Thornhill Sqare, aerial view from north
Thornhill Sqare, aerial view from north
Photograph - Thorhnill Square Association
Terraces, Milton Grove (fmrly Rd), Stoke Newington
Terraces, Milton Grove, Stoke Newington
Photograph - Google StreetView

Thornhill Square. George Thornhill initially planned to develop his Islington estate in 1808 but after a false start he appointed Joseph Kay as surveyer in 1813. When George died in 1827, his son inherited his father's bequest for improving land in Islington. Building in Thornhill Square began c.1847 with Mr GS Williams building 33 houses on the west, the central gardens having railings dating from c.1852. Thornhill Crescent was begun in 1849. Early residents of the square were well-to-do professional classes. In 1906 two of the houses in the north-west were demolished for the new Islington West Library. As the 20th Century progressed, the area became run down like much of Islington and in 1955 the Thornhill family interest ended. The central garden was only open to keyholders until 1946 when Captain Thornhill donated the gardens to the public and they were opened by the Mayor of Islington in 1947. They were newly laid out in 1953. Thornhill Square is a large ovoid ellipse square surrounded by railings. Surrounding buildings are largely intact. St Andrew's church, built 1852-1854, is to the north of the Square within Thornhill Crescent gardens.
  Memories of life in Thornhill Square during the early 20th Century by Charles Humphries: "[I was] born in No. 31 in 1917 & later, after the death of my father when I was 5 moving next door around the corner to no. 32. In those days there were 4 families in no. 31, & we were on the ground floor with only one cold water tap situated in a sort of scullery where my Father,Mother, & my two sisters (10-11 years younger than me) lived in two rooms until after the death of my farther when we moved next door, where they had electricity & a bathroom, probably one of the few houses then so equipped .... [my son] took me to see Thornhill Square a few years ago & I was so surprised how it has changed - back to the old days when the gentry lived there long before I lived there of course, in a not so affluent period. My mother used to tell me when the square was once gated with a gate man there to guard the square against undesirables.So now it is back again to a very much desired residence, so it has done the full circle ... The street lamps you say were recently erected in the square, are they really the old lamps that I remember? The ones I knew as a boy were gas lights, and the lighter-man came around just before dark with a long metal pole that he pushed through the lamp which then turned on the gas & then ignited it. I never did discover just how it worked. There was a metal bar about 18 inches long that jutted out from the top for a ladder to be leaned on so that the lighter- chap could clean the glass. Also affixed to this bar was a metal notice warning against any street cries on pain of a 40 shilling fine. I used to think that it meant that you could not cry in the street if one was so inclined. Later I realized it meant that street vendors were not allowed to extol their wares in the sacred precincts of the Square. Though the effect of a fine had little impact as there were many who did that for most of the week, especially on a Sunday afternoon, when the cries of 'Cockles & Mussels', could be heard together with a fellow with a board full of muffins on 'is 'ead & ringing a loud bell to boot. On weekdays one had a variety of noises from vendors in which to contend - The guy 'wiv' a 3 wheeled contraption for sharpening knives or scissors, The rag & bone man who sometimes gave you a goldfish in a bag of water in exchange for old clothing. The coal-man driving a horse driven cart shouting, 'Coals' in a loud voice and many others. But those lamps had other uses for us kids you know, as in spite of having a nice garden in which to play, we often used the lamp-posts as wickets for cricket, while the girls, their skirts tucked into their usually blue knickers, ( much to the interest of us boys) strung a rope along the top of the post and swung around it accompanied to shrieks of joy. Each family in the Square had a key in which to gain entrance to any of the three gates, one east & west,& another south of the garden. Us boys considered it rather 'cissie' to gain entrance in this fashion, and preferred to climb the railings to the top, & then jump to the ground. I still have a small scar on my knee where I misjudged the leap and as a result came a cropper. The very small even managed to squeeze in between the rails for a while until they became too large, or until some unfortunate kid had to get help to extricate usually a him. When we moved next door to no. 32, we were next to a wood sawing business and the noise of sawing went on for most of the day until we hardly noticed it. It came in handy during Guy Faukes day when they would allow us to fill our guys with the sawdust for free. Opposite no. 32 was a Conservative party hall where once a year at Easter, children who had no Dads, were treated to a party where they had all manner of kid shows and conjurers. But the main attraction as far as I was concerned were the choc ices freely distributed, until upon leaving we each got a bag of sweets and an apple and an orange. Guess who I voted for in later years?"[Thornhill Square Association]  
No.33 Thornhill Square is today home the 'The Buffalo Club & Institute', a clubhouse & licensed premises operated by & for the London members of the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes (I jest not!).[Buffalo Club] A nearby property, No.37, sold for £1,725,000 in 2010 & the adjacent No.34 sold for £1,300,000 in 2009, indicating how upmarket the area has become.[Up My Street] Islington is an inner-city district in London, spanning from Islington High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy Upper Street. Islington grew as a sprawling village along the line of the Great North Road. Islington was originally named Giseldone, which means 'Gisla's hill'. The name then later mutated to Isledon, which remained in use well into the 17th century when the modern form arose. Some roads on the edge of the area, including Essex Road were known as streets by the medieval period, possibly indicating a Roman origin, but little physical evidence remains. What is known is that the Great North Road came into use in the 14th century. The first recorded church, St Mary's, was erected in the twelfth century and was replaced in the fifteenth century. The Royal Agricultural Hall was built in 1862. The hall was 75 ft high, and the arched glass roof spanned 125 ft. It was the primary exhibition site for London until the 20th century, and the largest building of its kind, holding up to 50,000 people. It was requisitioned for use by the Mount Pleasant sorting office during World War II and never re-opened. The main hall has now been incorporated into the Business Design Centre. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the availability of water made Islington a place for growing vegetables to feed London. The manor became a popular resort for Londoners, due to this rural aspect, and many public houses were founded to serve the needs of both visitors and travellers on the turnpike. By the 19th century, many music halls and theatres were established around Islington Green. The Islington Literary and Scientific Society was established in 1833 and first met in Mr. Edgeworth's academy, on Upper Street. Its object was to spread knowledge through lectures, discussions, and experiments, politics and theology being forbidden. Some development took place to accommodate the popularity of nearby Sadler's Wells , which became a resort in the 16th century, but the 19th century saw the greatest expansion in housing, soon to cover the whole parish. In 1801, the population was 10,212; by 1891 there were 319,143 inhabitants in the borough. This rapid expansion was partly due to the introduction of horse-drawn omnibuses in 1830. With large well-built houses and fashionable squares, clerks, artisans and professionals were drawn to the district. However, from the middle of the 19th century, the poor were being displaced by clearances in inner London to build the new railway stations and goods yards. They settled in Islington, with the houses becoming occupied by many families. This, combined with the railways pushing into outer Middlesex, reduced Islington's attraction for the better off as it became "unfashionable". The area fell into a long decline; and by the mid-20th century, the area was largely run down and a byword for urban poverty. Since 1960 Islington has become increasingly gentrified.[Wikipedia]

Albion Road, Stoke Newington, 1800s
Albion Road, Stoke Newington, 1800s
Photograph - Dead Pubs
All Saints, Carshalton
All Saints, Carshalton, 1894
Photograph -  Francis Frith
Hale Cottages, Carshalton
Hale Cottages, Carshalton
Photograph - Google StreetView

Stoke Newington is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. Stoke Newington or 'new town in the wood', has been lightly settled for many hundreds of years, close to larger neighbouring Saxon settlements near the River Lea. In the 19th century it was discovered that Stoke Newington Common and Abney Park Cemetery had been part of a Neolithic working area for axe-making, some examples of which can be seen in the Museum of London. Stoke Newington is recorded as part of the Ossulstone hundred in the county of Middlesex in the Domesday Book of 1086. In the Middle Ages and Tudor times, it was a very small village a few miles from the city of London, frequently visited by wayfarers as a pit stop before journeying north, Stoke Newington High Street being part of the Cambridge road. At the time the Manor was owned by St. Paul's Cathedral and yielded a small income, enough to support part of their work. During the 17th century the Cathedral sold the Manor to William Patten. During the early 19th century, as London expanded, the village became absorbed into the seamless expansion of London. It was no longer a separate village by the mid-to-late 19th century. Being on the outskirts at this time, many expensive and large houses were built to house London's expanding population of nouveau riche whose journey to the commercial heart of the capital was made possible by the birth of the railways and the first omnibuses. St Mary's Lodge on Lordship Road is the last-surviving of several grand detached homes built in the area around that time for well-off members of the new commuter class. As a late Victorian and Edwardian suburb, Stoke Newington prospered, and continued in relative affluence and civic pride with its own municipal government until changes brought about by the Second World War.[Wikipedia, Stoke Newington] Carshalton is a suburban area of the London Borough of Sutton, England, and is situated in the valley of the River Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton Ponds in the centre of the village. To the south of the area now known as Carshalton, remains of artefacts dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age have been found, suggesting that this was an early place of habitation. Prior to the Norman Conquest it is recorded that there were five manors in this location owned by five freemen. Carshalton appears in Domesday Book as Aultone. It was held by Geoffrey de Mandeville. Carshalton was known for its springs; these may have given the place its name Cars-Aul-ton. Aul means well or spring. A ton is a farm which was in some way enclosed. The meaning of the Cars element is uncertain but early spellings (Kersaulton and Cresaulton) may indicate connection with a cross or perhaps cress, watercress having been grown locally. Land was primarily put to arable use and the river Wandle gave rise to manufacturing using water power. By the end of the 18th century it was recorded that there were several mills for the production of paper and parchment, leather, snuff, log-wood and seed oil. There were also bleaching grounds for calico. During the Victorian era and into the early 20th century, Carshalton was known for its lavender fields, but the increasing land demand for residential building put an end to commercial growing. The parish church of All Saints overlooks Carshalton Ponds. A church has stood on this site since at least Norman times and probably much longer. Domesday Book records the presence of a church at Carshalton. The current church contains 12th century work but has been much extended over the centuries; most dramatically in 1891 when a new nave and north aisle were added. Just outside the churchyard wall is a spring locally known as "Anne Boleyn's Well". It is popularly said to have received this name because it appeared when Anne Boleyn's horse kicked a stone and a spring of water appeared. Anne was probably riding to or from an assignation with her would-be lover King Henry VIII at the nearby home of Sir Nicholas Carew. Another possible explanation is that the name is a corruption of "Boulogne". The Counts of Boulogne owned land here in the 12th century and there may have been a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Boulogne near the well.[Wikipedia, All Saints]

2-6 Northumberland Lane, Tottenham
2-6 Northumberland Lane, Tottenham
Photograph - Google StreetView
49-55 Ongar Rd (St Oswald's), Fulham
49-55 Ongar Rd (St Oswald's), Fulham
Photograph - Google StreetView
St Mary the Boltons
St Mary the Boltons
Photo - Jamie Barras

Tottenham is a district of north London. Believed to have been named after Tota, a farmer, whose hamlet was mentioned in the Domesday Book; hence Tota's hamlet became Tottenham. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as Toteham. There has been a settlement at Tottenham for over a thousand years. It grew up along the old Roman road, Ermine Street, and between High Cross and Tottenham Hale. The River Lea (or Lee) was the eastern boundary of the Municipal Boroughs of Tottenham and Walthamstow. It is the ancient boundary between Middlesex and Essex and also formed the western boundary of the Viking controlled Danelaw. From the Tudor period onwards, Tottenham became a popular recreation and leisure destination for wealthy Londoners. Henry VIII is known to have visited Bruce Castle and also hunted in Tottenham Wood. Tottenham remained a semi-rural and upper middle class area until the 1870s. In late 1870, the Great Eastern Railway introduced special workman's trains and fares on its newly opened Enfield and Chingford branch lines. Tottenham's low-lying fields and market gardens were then rapidly transformed into cheap housing for the lower middle and working classes, who were able to commute cheaply to inner London. The workman's fare policy stimulated the relatively early development of the area into a London suburb.[Wikipedia] Fulham is an area in southwest London. It lies on the left bank of the Thames, between Putney and Chelsea. Fulham was formerly the seat of the diocese of "Fulham and Gibraltar", and Fulham Palace served as the former official home of the Bishop of London, (now a museum), the grounds of which are now divided between public allotments and an elegant botanical garden. Having been through many transformations in its history, today it is a green London area within very close reach of many places Chelsea and Kensington and this is reflected in the high local house prices. It was included within Savills' 2007 list of "prime" London areas. Fulham, or in its earliest form "Fullanham", is uncertainly stated to signify "the place" either "of fowls" or "of mud", or alternatively, "land in the crook of a river bend belonging to a man named Fulla". The manor is said to have been given to Bishop Erkenwald about the year 691 for himself and his successors in the see of London, and Holinshed relates that the Bishop of London was lodging in his manor place in 1141 when Geoffrey de Mandeville, riding out from the Tower of London, took him prisoner. There is no record of the first erection of a parish church, but the first known rector was appointed in 1242, and a church probably existed a century before this. The earliest part of the church demolished in 1881, however, did not date farther back than the 15th century. Fulham during the 18th century had a reputation of debauchery, becoming a sort of "Las Vegas retreat" for the wealthy of London, where there was much gambling and prostitution. Fulham remained a working class area for the first half of the twentieth century, but was subject to extensive restoration between the Second World War and the 1980s. Today, Fulham is one of the most expensive parts of London.[Wikipedia] St Mary the Boltons is an Anglican church in The Boltons, Kensington, London. The Boltons, a street in Kensington, was originally a farm with the land used as market gardens until the middle of the 19th century. As part of westward expansion of London the land was developed by Robert Gunter who planned a residential estate, together with a church – to lend tone to the area. The church, built to a design by George Godwin on land given by Gunter in the centre of the proposed development, was erected before the estate was built. The cost of the church was £6,000 (£510,000 as of 2011). It was consecrated on 22 October 1850. The church's first incumbent, Rev. Hogarth Swale, met most of the building costs of the church. St Mary's was the first of many churches built in the countryside between the villages of Kensington and Chelsea as London's population expanded westwards. The church is stonebuilt, with Kentish rag capped with Bath stone externally and Hassock internally. The walls are now bare, but were once stencilled with designs of fruit and flowers. There were stained glass windows, but the windows are now plain. In 1854 the spire was erected and in 1902 the oak pews and floor tiling were installed. The roof and organ were damaged by German bombs during World War II, which shattered many windows. After the war the church was restored; the altar was moved to below the crossing and a new Lady Chapel was made from what was previously the sanctuary.[Wikipedia, St Marys]

Victoria Road, Colchester, Essex
Victoria Road, Colchester, Essex
Photograph - Google StreetView
Aytoun Road, Brixton North, 1905
Aytoun Road, Brixton North, 1905
Photograph - Landmark Lambeth
Ellen Molly Dunn
Ellen Molly Dunn
Photo - Huntley Hamilton

Colchester is a historical town in Co Essex, England. As the oldest recorded Roman town in Britain, Colchester claims to be the oldest town in Britain. It was for a time the capital of Roman Britain and also claims to have the United Kingdom's oldest recorded market. It was mentioned by Pliny the Elder (died AD 79). Before the Roman conquest of Britain it was already a centre of power for Cunobelin, king of the Catuvellauni. Soon after the Roman conquest of Britain a Roman legionary fortress was established at Colchester. Colchester is noted for its Victorian architecture. Significant landmarks include the Colchester Town Hall and the Jumbo Water Tower. In 1884 the town was struck by the Colchester earthquake, estimated to have been 4.7 on the Richter Scale causing extensive regional damage.[Wikipedia] Brixton is a district in south London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. The earliest evidence of settlements in the Brixton area are the Roman roads of Clapham Road and Brixton Road. By the eleventh century Brixton was known as Brixiestan, meaning 'at the stone of Brihtsige', and was recorded in the Domesday Book. Over the years the name was shortened to Brixton. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century and the coming of the Industrial Revolution Brixton remained undeveloped and mainly agricultural, the main settlements being near Stockwell, Brixton Hill and Coldharbour Lane. In 1816 the Vauxhall Bridge opened, improving access to Central London. In turn this led to a flurry of developments around Acre Lane. The 1850s saw Angell Town, Brixton's largest single development, laid out around Wiltshire Road on property belonging to the Angell family. Between the 1860s and 1880s the small settlement underwent a huge transformation as railways and trams linked Brixton to Central London. Large houses were built along the main routes into Brixton attracting the middle classes, and in 1888 Electric Avenue became the first shopping street to be lit by electricity, with a protective iron and glass canopy for shoppers. By 1900 Aytoun Road, Brixton North, consisted of a mixture of Victorian terraced and semi-detached houses, the large houses reflecting the prosperity of the residents. All the houses have since been demolished and the road now runs through the centre of a large public housing estate.[Brixton, Aytoun Road]

40-36 Marlborough Road, Brynmill
40-36 Marlborough Road, Brynmill
Photograph - Google StreetView
18-12(R) Alexandra Tce, Brynmill
18-12(R) Alexandra Tce, Brynmill
Photograph - Google StreetView
Bolingbroke Hospital, Clapham
Bolingbroke Hospital, Clapham
Photograph - Flickr (no author)

Brynmill is a suburb in the city of Swansea, Wales, about 3km west of Swansea city centre. It is a residential area. Brynmill is situated on hilly terrain. Many of the properties are built on slopes. Property subsidence is a problem. Swansea is a coastal city and county in Wales, in the historic county of Glamorgan, located on the sandy South West Wales coast. Swansea is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'. Archaeological finds are mostly confined to the Gower Peninsula, and include items from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. The Romans visited the area, as did the Vikings. Swansea is thought to have originally developed as a Viking trading post. The earliest known form of the modern name is Sweynesse, which was used in the first charter granted sometime between 1158–1184. The port of Swansea initially traded in wine, hides, wool, cloth and later in coal. As the Industrial Revolution reached Wales, the combination of port, local coal, and trading links with the West Country, Cornwall and Devon, meant that Swansea was the logical place to site copper smelting works. Smelters were operating by 1720 and proliferated. Following this, more coal mines (everywhere from north-east Gower to Clyne and Llangyfelach) were opened and smelters were opened and flourished. Over the next century and a half, works were established to process arsenic, zinc and tin and to create tinplate and pottery. The city expanded rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries. Through the 20th century, heavy industries in the town declined, leaving the Lower Swansea Valley filled with derelict works and mounds of waste products from them.[Wikipedia, Wikipedia]


In 1875, at the young age of 24, William left his parents and travelled to the Colony of NSW, Australia. Shortly after his arrival he was arrested and imprisoned for two years for forgery. After his release he moved to the then frontier area of Orange & Dubbo (now in the Central West of the state). He remained there for about a decade, during which time he married and had several children. Being on the frontier, the edge of European civilisation such as it was in those days, the area no doubt appealed to William, either because of his criminal background (the frontier was wild in more ways than one) or in an attempt to escape that background & start a new life. The region also boasted a long running series of gold rushes and many a young man (or woman) travelled to the area in the hope of striking it rich, either on the goldfields or by fleecing the miners, legally or otherwise. One way or another William may have come into some money - by the mid 1880s he and his family were livign in Brighton, on the coast near Melbourne, Victoria. Brighton, then and now, was known for its wealthy homes & as a seaside resort. Within a couple of years William had moved again, this time to a small gold town near Tumut, in the Snowy Mountains. Had his money run out? Or did the family spend a short stay at Brighton for health reasons? By 1889 William & his family had returned to Sydney, settling at Ashfield which, at the time, was a town just to the west of Sydney. William "departed company" with his wife and children in the early 1890s and apart from a brief appearance in 1906, nothing more is known of his fate. His family at the time believed that he had returned to England, possibly as early as the mid 1890s. Certainly there is no further trace of William in Australia and an examination of the death indices does not reveal any likely candidates. Did he return to England, as his wife & children believed, or did he end up elsewhere. Perhaps to India, the home of his paternal grandmother? William McDonald is a rather common name and the chances of finding his death are rather slim. William frequently gave his place of birth as 'Scotland',[3,4,7,127], no doubt signifying Scottish ancestry rather than his actual place of birth (which was London).

William McDonald, Darlinghurst Gaol, 1876
William McDonald, 1876
Photo -  State Archives NSW
1.1.1. William Hubert Augustus Donald McDonald,[4,6,7,149] (s/o William Hubert McDonald Jr, s/o William Hubert McDonald Sr) born 10/6/1852,[7,14,17,18,25,34,38,77,82] Thornhill House, 33 Thornhill Square,[25,34,38,77] Middle Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[14,17,18,25] Informant was his father, William Hubert McDonald.[38] {Name given as William Herbert McDonald on birth certificate} Died after 1906.[12] Was last seen by his family in 1906, after which family tradition holds that he returned to the UK.[1] Family stories suggests that William had a wife in Scotland and he returned there when he received word of her death,[1] however upon his second marriage, he gave his status as widower.[6] William was rather elusive about his background with the family of his second wife, telling a number of colourful and almost certainly fictious stories to his family.[1] One story held that he was a graduate of the Edinburgh University Medical School & practised as a Harley Street (London) specialist, but was driven to the drink because he could not amputate.[1] Attempts to verify this have all proven fruitless. Another story William told his
Rosannah McDonald (Brown) & daughter Margaret Rose, 1920s
Rosannah McDonald (Brown)
(full size version with daughter
Margaret Rose)
Photo -  David Powell
family was that he was the black sheep of a very large family and left Glasgow to come to Australia, that his parents lived in a castle just out of Glasgow and William had an uncle who was Sir Henry Reid McDonald.[10] Glasgow did have several castles in the 1800s, however at the time they were all in ruins, however the homes of many 19th century rich merchants were called 'castles' because of the pretentiousness of their owners, so this may merely mean that William's parents were wealthy.[29] In contrast to coming from a large family, William had two siblings, was born in London & his father operated a small private school. Attempts to identify Sir Henry Reid McDonald have been unsuccessful,[11] however note William had a brother by that name who was, at one time, a Gentleman's butler.[23] Yet another story he told his children, this one to explain his disappearance, was that he had to return to Scotland to accept a title, but that his wife, Rosanna, would not accompany him.[1] Whilst not all of these stories can be true, there does appear to be some truth to them. It is interesting to note that William left his family in Australia in 1893, less than two years after the death of his parents. By that time his brother was probably dead and no trace of his sister has been found after her marriage in 1878, leaving William the sole surviving child. While his father was not titled, his parents were wealthy & it is reasonable to assume that William stood to inherit something (often the eldest son inherited the entire estate). His younger brother appears to have inherited little - in 1901 his widow was a housekeeper servant and his son (William's nephew) worked in a factory. It is quite feasible that, upon hearing of his parents deaths William returned to England c.1893, returning to Australia briefly in 1906 in an attempt to entice his wife to return to England with him. A William McDonald, born 1851, Islington, London, was living in the Fulham district, Co Middlesex, in 1911.[35] (Note that William's nephew, William Alexander, resided in the same district in 1901) If William was in Fulham, England in 1911, many questions remain - did he return to England in the 1890s, returning to Australia briefly in 1906, or did he stay in Australia and only return to England after 1906? If he did return to England, was he the William McDonald, who died December quarter, 1913, Fulham district, 60yo?[14] With parents, 1861 (No.33 Thornhill Square, Islington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[17]), 1871 (No.17 Somerset Terrace, St Mary Stoke Newington, London, Co Middlesex, England.[18]). Warehouseman, 1871.[18] Clerk, 1876, 1878.[6,127] Gardener, 1887.[7] Labourer, 1910.[3] Emigrated to Sydney, NSW, Australia, arriving 15/2/1876, on the "Ann Duthie".[127,128] William, then 25yo, arrived as the third steward on the Ann Duthie, giving his place of birth as 'Grennock', Scotland.[128] The Ann Duthie, of 994 tons, departed London under Master John McKay.[128] Was convicted, 13/5/1876, Sydney Central Criminal Court, of forgery & sentenced to two years imprisionment in Darlinghurst Gaol, with hard labour.[81,82,127] "Central Criminal Court. Saturday. Before Mr. Justice Hargrave.Mr. G. C. Davis prosecuting for the Crown. Sentences: William Hubert Macdonald, found guilty of forgery, was sentenced to two years, with hard labour, in Darlinghurst gaol.(Sydney Morning Herald 15/5/1876)"[81] At the time of his conviction his description was given as Presbyterian, literate, brown hair, blue eyes, height 5' 6.25", weight 121 pounds, and no distinguishing marks or features.[127] His prision record gives the date of his conviction as 8/5/1876.[127] Sentence was remitted 7/1/1878.[127]
Married Roseannah Brown,[3,7] 24/12/1878, Orange, NSW, Australia.[5,6,8,149] According to the rites of the Baptist Church by Rev. John Thomas Lyttle.[6] Witnesses were Alex McIntyre and Susan Johnson.[6] William was a widower {however no evidence of a previous marriage either in Australia or England}, Roseannah previously unmarried.[6] Both resided Orange, NSW, at the time of the marriage.[6] Rosannah, d/o William & Margaret, was born 16/12/1855, Narellan, NSW, Australia,[4,7,8,149] died 29/7/1929, Roslyn Private Hospital, Enfield Street, Marrickville, Sydney, NSW, Australia (73yo),[5,8,30,149] & buried Old Church of England, Section T, Row 32, plot 9820, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30] "McDonald - The Relatives and Friends of Rosanna McDonald are kindly invited to attend her Funeral, to leave her daughters residence, Mrs T. Carlin, Thelmaville, Old Kent road, Punchbowl, this (Tuesday) afternoon at 1.30 for Church of England Cemetery, Rookwood, Section T, per motor service. William Metcalfe and Co, Parramatta.(Sydney Morning Herald 30/7/1929)"[40] In June 1893 Rosannah took out a protection order against William.[12] William had no further contact with the family apart from a brief meeting between Rosannah and William in 1906.[12] Subsequent to their separation, their second son provided for the financial needs of the family.[12] According to family stories, William returned to Scotland in the 1920's,[1] however lacking any evidence of contact between William and his wife and children after 1906,[12] this story remains unverified.
"Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, May 8th, 1920
Dear Major,
Your letter to hand today asking wither any nearer relation. I may state I am his mother. I had to obtain a Protection from his father on June 27 years ago and the said Mr W. H. R. McDonald helped me to support his brothers and sisters (he left his will in my possession). I have not seen or heard of his father since October 1906 14 years ago and then only just for a minute. I asked him if he was sorry for what he had done he answered no so I told him it was no use come to me and I have never heard anything of him since.
I remain yours sincerely, R. McDonald."[12]
William resided 1874, Tottenham, Edmonton district, London, Co Middlesex, England.[14,19]
Resided 1878, 1879, Molong (near Orange), NSW, Australia.[1,4,5,6,8,22] Resided 1880, 1882, Dubbo, NSW, Australia.[4,5,8,12,13] Resided 1885, Brighton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[4,9] Resided 1887 Adelong (near Tumut), NSW, Australia.[2,3,4,5,7,8] Resided 1889, 1891, 1893, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[1,4,5,8,13] Rosanna resided 1907, Arthur Street, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[44] Roseanna resided c.1913, with daughter, Margaret Powell nee McDonald, Francis Road, Enmore, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[12] Roseanna resided 1914-1916, 'Corinella', Forbes, NSW, Australia.[12] Roseanna resided 1916, with daughter Rosie Carlin, No.13 Farr Street, Rockdale, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[12] Roseanna resided 1920, Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[12] Roseanna resided 1922, 1923, 'Burnham', Lone Pine Parade, Matraville, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[12] Roseanna resided 1929, Thelmaville, Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[5]

Children of William McDonald and Roseannah Brown:
* i.
  
 Hubert 'Bert' Augustus Donald McDonald, born 3/9/1879, Molong (near Orange), NSW, Australia.[1,4,5,8,22,149]

ii.
William Henry Read/Reid McDonald, born 2/11/1880, Dubbo, NSW, Australia.[4,8,12,149] Killed in action WWI, 6-9/8/1915, Gallipoli, Turkey,[4,12,129,149] and buried grave 24, row E, plot 2, Lone Pine Cemetery, Gallipoli.[12] "In Memory of Private William Henry Reid McDonald, 612, 1st Bn., Australian Infantry, A.I.F. who died between 06 August 1915 and 09 August 1915. Remembered with honour. Lone Pine Cemetery, ANZAC."[129] Labourer, 1914.[3,12] Did not marry.[12]
  Applied to enlist in the Australian Imperial Force, 2/9/1914. William had no previous military or militia service. Enlisted with rank of private, Service No. 612. At the time of enlistment his physical description was: 33 years 10 months old, 5' 5" tall, weight 139 pounds, fair hair, blue eyes, light brown hair. Church of England. No distinguishing marks other than a vaccination mark on the left upper arm. Enlistment accepted, 2/9/1915. He was unmarried at the time of enlistment & his next of kin was given as his mother, Rosanna McDonald. Assigned to the 1st Battalion, 1st Infantry Brigade 2/9/1914. Killed in action, Gallipoli Peninsula, between 6/8/1915 & 9/8/1915. At the time he held the rank of private. His recovered personal effects consisted of a gift box, cards and a sheath knife with a bead covering.
  "15th September, 1915
Mrs T. Carlin, 13 Farr Street, Rockdale, NSW
Dear Madam,
I have to acknowledge receipt of your communication of the 7th inst., notifying the change of address of your mother, and to inform you that the records of her son, No.612 Private W. H. R. McDonald, who is reported as having been killed in action, have been adjusted accordingly. No further details will be known concerning the sad loss of Private McDonald until the receipt of the official despatches from the front, when such details as refer to him will be transmitted to his mother. The Military Paymaster, Victoria Barracks, Paddington, NSW, has also been notified of the change of address.
Yours faithfully, Captain, Office i-c Base Records."
"Feb 2, 1916
Dear Sir,
Being informed last September that my son Private William Henry Reid McDonald (Regimental No.612, E. Company 1st Battalion 1st Brigade, 1st Australian Services) was killed in action between 6 & 10 of August. My daughter here (?) written also applied at the Victoria Barracks but am always told the same nothing in yet. I put in an application signed in the presence of a Magistrate so now they inform me I am to write to you for a certificate of his death will you kindly forward to present address. My son was my only support but he always said he would not marry while I was alive so thinking I was standing in his way I decided to take a housekeepers position on a station but having passed my 68th birthday I cannot remain here much longer and when my son was going away he arranged at the Victoria barracks that if anything was to happen to him I was to get his money so will you kindly arrange matters for me and let me know at your earliest convenience also send certificate also a few belongings he had especially a wristlet watch was given to him on his birthday although not expensive but precious.
I remain, yours respectfully, Rosanna McDonald, Corinella, Forbes, the late W. H. R. McDonald's mother."
"8th February 1916
Mrs Rosanna McDonald, 'Corinella', Forbes, NSW
Dear Madam,
I have to acknowledge receipt of your communication on the 2nd instant, and enclose herewith as requested, certificate of report of death of your son, the late No.612, Private W.H.R. McDonald, 1st Battalion. With reference to personal effects, arrangements have been made for these, if any, to be taken over by Messers Thomas Cook & Son, and forwarded direct to the next-of-kin or to any legatee mentioned in a Will or other testamentary direction that may be discovered amongst his belongings. All matters in conjunction with moneys due, will be settled by the District Paymaster, Victoria Barracks, Paddington, NSW, on receipt from the Staff Paymaster, Egypt, of Private McDonald's pay-book and cash statement of account. If you were dependent on your son you should make application for a pension through the Deputy Commissioner of Pensions, 17 Bligh Street, Sydney. Your change of address has been noted.
Yours faithfully, Captain, Office i-c Base Records."		  
A military pension on behalf of William was paid to his mother, Rosanna McDonald, from 8/6/1916 & valued at £1 per fortnight, amended to £1 10/- from 26/10/1918.
  "Mrs R. McDonald, 'Corinella', Forbes, NSW. 25th March, 1920.
Dear Madam,
It is noted that you are registered on the records of the late No.612 Private W.H.R. McDonald, 1st battalion, as next of kin, but, in order that our file may be brought up to date, it is desired to learn whether the above-named soldier had any nearer blood relations than yourself, for instance is his father still alive, if so I shall be much obliged for his name and address at your earliest convenience. Thanking you in anticipation of the favour of an early reply.
Yours faithfully, J. McLean, Major, Office i-c Base Records." This letter was returned as undeliverable by the post office.
  
Another copy of this letter was mailed, dated 8th April, 1920 (by 1920 Margaret McDonald was no longer at the stated address). This letter was eventually returned by the post office with 'unclaimed' and 'left' noted on the envelope & the Forbes address crossed out. A third copy of the same letter, dated 1st May 1920, was addressed to Mrs R. McDonald, Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, NSW.
  "Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, May 8th, 1920
Dear Major,
Your letter to hand today asking wither any nearer relation. I may state I am his mother. I had to obtain a Protection from his father on June 27 years ago and the said Mr W. H. R. McDonald helped me to support his brothers and sisters (he left his will in my favour). I have not seen or heard of his father since October 1906 14 years ago and then only just for a minute. I asked him if he was sorry for what he had done he answered no so I told him it was no use come to me and I have never heard anything of him since.
I remain yours sincerely, R. McDonald
Private 612 William Henry Read McDonald, 1 Battalion, 1 Brigade, 1st Australian Expeditionary Force"
Noted on the letter was 'Issue medals to mother. JM 15.5.2.' (presumably Major J. McLean, Officer in charge of Base Records, to whom Margaret addressed the letter).
 "15th February, 1923
Mrs R. McDonald, 'Burnham', Lone Pine Parade, Matraville, NSW.
Dear Madam,
I am forwarding per separate registered post one package containing :- disc, numerals and buttons, by which means the remains of your son, the late No.612 Pte. W.H.R.McDonald, 1st Bn, were identified by the Graves Exhumation Parties.
Advice has also been received from the overseas authorities to the effect that the late soldier is buried in:- Grave 24, Row E, Plot 2, Lone Pine Cemetery, Gallipoli.
These additional details are forwarded by direction, it being the policy of the Department to forward all information received in connection with the deaths of members of the Australian Imperial Force.
Kindly let me know whether the effects reach you safely by signing and returning the attached receipt slip.
Yours faithfully, Officer in charge, base Records."
The receipt, dated 'February 1922' by Rosanna McDonald		  
William's mother received on his behalf the 1914/1915 Star (No.716), the British War Medal (No.1288), the Victory medal (No.1293) & a Memorial Plaque (No.300140).[12]		  
* iii.
Florence Elizabeth McDonald, born 25/9/1882, Dubbo, NSW, Australia.[4,5,8,13,149]

iv.
Robert Charles McDonald, born 26/1/1885, Brighton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[4,9,149] Died 1/2/1907, Western Suburbs Hospitial, Croydon, Sydney, NSW, Australia (22yo).[4,30,44,149] (According to his sister, Margaret, as told to her children, he 'fell off a mast & drowned at sea'.[1] Rookwood Cemetery records merely indicate death by drowning,[1] however note his funeral notice indicates he apparently died at a hospital, which suggests he died of other causes) Buried with his mother, 4/2/1907,[44]  Old Church of England, Section T, Row 32, plot 9820, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30]
  "McDonald. The friends of Mrs R McDonald and family, of Arthur-street, Ashfield, are kindly invited to attend the funeral of her late beloved son and their brother, Robert Charles, to leave the Western Suburbs Hospitial, Croydon, this (Monday) Morning, at 9 o'clock, for C E Cemetery, Rookwood, via Croydon Station. W. J. Field, Funeral Directtor, Ashfield. Tel. 143A.(SMH 4/2/1907).[44]
  
* v.
Margaret Rose McDonald, born 20/7/1887 Adelong (near Tumut), NSW, Australia.[2,3,4,5,7,8,149] Died 29/11/1940, Matraville, Sydney, NSW, Australia (53yo).[2,149] Married Arthur Robert Powell, 21/3/1910, Lawson House, Zetland (Waterloo), Sydney, NSW, Australia.[3,149] Refer to Powell chart for additional details & descendants.

vi.
Emma McDonald, born 30/6/1889, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[4,8,149] Died 20/10/1893, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[4,8,149]
*
 vii.
Isabella Mabel McDonald, born 6/9/1891, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[4,5,8,13,149]
*
 viii.
Rosie 'Topsy' May McDonald,[41] born 16/9/1893, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[1,4,5,8,13,149]


Clipper ship 'Anne Duthie', c.1870
Clipper ship 'Ann Duthie', c.1870
Photograph - Duthie Family
Flyer Advertising a Voyage of Ann Duthie
Flyer Advertising a Voyage of Ann Duthie
Photograph - George Morgan
Ann Duthie, 1878
Ann Duthie, 1878
Photograph - Houlder Brothers

The Ann Duthie was a wool clipper ship built in 1868 at the shipyard of William Duthir Jr. It was the last all-wood sailing ship produced by the Duthie Shipyards. The Ann Duthie typicall made the Sydney-London run in between 70-75 days. She was a three skysail yarders and kept almost entirely for the Sydney-England trade. Dimensions of  length 202'8", breadth 35'1" & depth 20'5", with a weight of 994 tons. She was sold to Norway in 1888 and renamed the Alexandra. It was wrecked on the South coast of Luzon Island (Philippines) on 16/10/1893. On 19/3/1876, George Berry Tait, Carpenter on the Ann Duthie, was accidentally killed at Sydney.[Aberdeen Ships, Colonial Clippers] The ship Ann Duthie, a regular trader to this port, arrived yesterday, from London. Captain McKay reports that he cleared Dartmouth on the 23rd November, and experienced light easterly winds to Maderia, which was passed on the 1st December; crossed the Equator on December 19th in longitude 20'30, and picked up the S. E. trades on the following day in 2'S; they proved favourable, and were lost on the 28th in latitude 30'S; passed the meridian of the Cape of Good Hope on the 12th January, and ran down her easting between the parallels of 45' and 46', moderate N, W. and S. W. winds prevailing; rounded Tasmania on the 4th instant, and experienced unfavourable weather on the coast. The following vessels were spoken during the voyage:- Ship Salisbury, from London, bound to Auckland, on December 2nd, in latitude 29'53 N, and longitude 19'51 W; True Briton, from London to Melbourne, on the 14th December, in latitude 7'53 N., and longitude 20 W.; Britomart, from Liverpool to Melbourne, on the 21st December, in latitude 4'19 S., and longitude 28'3 W. On January 9th, in latitude 43 S, and longitude 3.45' E., Joseph Soan, a cabin passenger, by the Ann Duthie, which arrived yesterday, from London, died of consumption, and was buried on the following day. Captain McKay, of the ship Ann Duthie, which arrived from London yesterday, reports that on December 29, in latitude 27.43 S., and longitude 29.22 W., he saw to S.E. a white flag with a black ball flying on a flagstaff, about 15 feet from the water's edge. He at once bore down and round that the flagstaff was attached to three casks, which were lashed together with part of a boat's gunwale, Lowered a boat and picked up the casks, which were empty. Upon one end of one them was the following: "J.C. Eldridge, U.S. navy, naval inspector. New YorkTori:. 1878;" {presumably a typo?} the other end having, "Naval depot, Rio Janeiro." Another had upon it, "W. Y. Bacon, paymaster U.S. navy, Rio Janeiro, Brazil;" and the address on the third was illegible.[Sydney Morning Herald, 14/2/1876, p.4]
  Advertisement.
Captain J. McKay, ship Ann Duthie.
Dear Sir - Having now, happily, so nearly arrived at the termination of our voyage, we, the undersigned saloon passengers, have pleasure in testifying to the uniform attention and courtesy extended to us by yourself and officers during the passage. This having been accomplished from the Start hither in eighty days fully sustains the reputation previously acquired by the Ann Duthie as a fast sailor. With the expression of our best wishes for your future prosperity whilst voyaging to and from the mother country,
We are, dear Sir,
Yours, faithfully,
B. Molineaux (for self and family), M. A. Gwynne, John Watts Gibbons.
Off Kiama, February 11, 1876.[Sydney Morning Herald, 14/2/1876, p.4] 		 

Darlinghurst Gaol & Court House, Sydney, 1870
Darlinghurst Gaol & Court House, 1870
Photograph - Charles Percy Pickering
Darlinghurst Gaol interior, 4/1871
Darlinghurst Gaol interior, 4/1871
Photograph - State Library of NSW
Darlinghurst Gaol, 1891
Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney, 1891
Watercolour - H. L. Bertrand

Darlinghurst Gaol was an Australian prison located in Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales. In the 1820's the need for a new gaol had arrived. Francis Greenway was commissioned to design a gaol that would overlook Sydney as a constant reminder that Sydney was a convict town. Construction on Darlinghurst Gaol wall began in 1822. The walls of the jail were built by convicts from 1822-1824. Greenway's plans were used for the walls. But because he was an ex-convict, he was taken off the job and his plans for the buildings were not used. Instead, the jail was built using the plans of a jail in Philadelphia. The Plan of the Gaol was like the spokes of a wheel, with wings radiating from a central point leaving narrow segments of space between. Work began again on the jail in 1835 and it took 50 years to finish. By 1840 the Governor's residence, one men's cell block and the women's cell block were ready. The gaol was ready for occupation a year later, with the first prisoners occupying the gaol on 7 June 1841. The first governor was Henry Keck. The gaol was finally completed in 1885. The main material used for construction of the gaol is Sydney sandstone, cut into large blocks by convicts. Convict markings on the blocks are visible along the upper half of the wall on Darlinghurst Road. A tall circular chapel stands in the middle of the site, around which are sited the six rectangular cell blocks in a radial fashion. Australian poet Henry Lawson served time at Darlinghurst for drunkenness and non payment of alimony, and recorded his experience in the haunting poem "One Hundred and Three" - his prison number. He refered to the prison as "Starvinghurst Gaol" because of the meagre rations given to the inmates. During its long life, Darlinghurst Gaol hosted public executions on a makeshift gallows outside the main gate in Forbes Street, as well as regular "private" executions on the permanent gallows just inside the main walls. 79 people were executed at the gaol including the bushranger "Captain Moonlight", Jimmy Governor (known as Jimmy Blacksmith) and the last woman to hang in NSW, Louisa Collins. The last hanging at the gaol was in 1907. Haphazard development at the Gaol, together with the gross overcrowding, led to the continuous problems with drainage, security and disease. The necessity of walled courtyards (to segregate prisoners and to prevent mass rushes at the gates) caused a lack of air circulation, while there was a reluctance to install underground pipes for suitable waste disposal, since the could provide potential escape routes. There was constant criticism of conditions in the gaol in the late 19th century. Darlinghurst Gaol remained the main Sydney penitentiary up until 1914, when it's unwilling inmates were transferred to the new "model prison" at Long Bay. The site was transferred in 1921 to the New South Wales Department of Education, who adapted the building for use as the East Sydney Technical College. The National Art School was established there in 1995.[Wikipedia, Old Darlinghurst Gaol]

Anson Street, Orange, 1870s
Anson Street, Orange, 1870s
Photograph - State Library NSW
View of Molong, NSW, early 1890s
View of Molong, NSW, early 1890s
Photograph - Baxter & Saddler
wheelwright's, Molong, NSW, 1890s
Wheelwright's, Molong, NSW, 1890s
Photograph - Robert Morse Withycombe

Orange is a city in NSW, Australia, about 260km west of Sydney. Orange presently has a population of 31,544 and is a major provincial centre. Orange is the birthplace of Australian poet Banjo Paterson. In 1822 Captain Percy Simpson drove into the Wellington District and established a convict settlement which was called "Blackman's Swamp" after John Blackman. Percy had employed John Blackman as a guide because he had already accompanied an earlier explorer into that region. In the late 1820s surveyor J. B. Richards worked on a survey of the Macquarie River below Bathurst and also of the road to Wellington. On a plan dated 1829, he indicated a village reserve, in the parish of Orange. It is thought that Sir Thomas Mitchell may have named the parish, as he had been an associate of the Prince of Orange in the Peninsular War, when both were aides-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, whose title was bestowed on the valley westward, by Oxley. Legal occupation by graziers began late in 1829, and tiny settlements grew up on the properties and in connection with the road. In 1844 surveyor Davidson was sent to check on encroachments onto the land reserved for a village, and to advise on the location for a township; the choice being Frederick's Valley, Pretty Plains or Blackman's Swamp. Blackman's Swamp was decided upon and proclaimed a village and named Orange by Major Thomas Mitchell in 1846 in honour of Prince William of Orange. At nearby Ophir the first payable discovery of gold in Australia was made in 1851 which led to the Australian gold rush. Subsequent discoveries of gold in nearby areas led to the establishment of Orange as a central trading centre for the gold. The growth of Orange continued as the conditions were well suited for agriculture, and in 1860 it was proclaimed a municipality. The railway from Sydney reached Orange in 1877.[Wikipedia] Molong is a small town in the Central West region NSW, on the edge of the Macquarie Range, about 35 km from Orange. In 2006 Molong had a population of 1,569. The name Molong comes from the aboriginal word for 'place of many rocks'. A copper mine, at Copper Hill, the first metal mine in NSW, was operating 3 km north of Molong by 1846, though the discovery of gold at nearby Ophir in 1851 drew the miners away. William Lee of Kelso is said to have had cattle in the area by 1819. He later held property just north of present Molong, around Larras Lee. In 1826 a military and police outpost was established at Molong, on Governor Darling's orders, as a step in opening up the government stock reserve west of the Macquarie River for settlement. The first land grant, 'Larra Lee', was conferred in 1832 to William Lee. Molong was gazetted at its present site in 1849. Land sales proceeded in 1856 with the Golden Fleece Hotel, Freemason's Hotel, a Methodist Chapel, St John's Anglican Church and a mill being amongst the early buildings. Molong became a municipality in 1878. The boom years of the 1870s and 1880s saw the development of the town which was further spurred on when it was announced, in 1881, that the railway would be extended to the town. Molong became the terminus of the main western line from Sydney from 1886-1893. Fine wool, wheat, orchards, vineyards, beef cattle and fat lambs are just some of the local produce today.[Wikipedia, SMH Travel, Molong] Whilst Molong is less than 40km away from Orange, the two locations were seperate registration districts, indicating that William & his family did indeed move from or near Orange to the town of Molong.

Macquarie Street North, Dubbo, 1870s
Macquarie Street North, Dubbo, 1870s
Photograph - Beaufoy Merlin
Macquarie Street, Dubbo, 1870s
Macquarie Street, Dubbo, 1870s
Photograph - Beaufoy Merlin
Brighton, Victoria, 1880s
Brighton, Victoria, 1880s
Photograph - State Library of Victoria

Dubbo lies in the Central West of NSW, 412 km north-west of Sydney. The city currently has a population of about 38,000. The area is noted for its wheat and wool production. The first Europeans in the area were the party of John Oxley who passed the future site of Dubbo in 1818. Oxley noted the quality of the soil, the water supply and the abundance of wildlife, including howling dingoes which kept him awake at night. In 1824 two squatters were given permission to set up large sheep and cattle properties adjacent the Macquarie River, although they appear to have withdrawn at some subsequent date. The first permanent settler was Robert Dulhunty - described as one of the colony's wealthiest citizens - who departed Penrith with a party of some 40 Aboriginal guides some time between 1829 and 1833, choosing grazing land which he named 'Dubbo' just to the south of the present townsite. It is certain he took the word from the local Aborigines but its meaning is entirely unclear. In 1839 records indicate that there were 28 persons over 12 years of age at Dubbo station and 18 male convicts. Dulhunty moved his family to Dubbo in 1847. In 1847 the government built a crude slab police residence and lock-up on the site of the future townsite in 1847, about 5km from Dulhunty's 'Dubbo'. An equally rough courthouse was completed in early 1848 and a post office opened the same year. The village of Dubbo was planned and proclaimed in 1849 with the first land sales taking place in 1850 (Dulhunty's estate subsequently became known as 'Old Dubbo'). The population was 47 in 1851, at which time there were seven completed houses. Dubbo was located just off the Great North Road (the principal north-south stock route) where it crossed the Macquarie River. A temporary bridge was built in 1850 and Dubbo became a major trading post on the Great North Road. The first Catholic Church was in existence by 1856, a national school was built in 1858 to replace an earlier private school and an Anglican church and parsonage were erected in 1859. As late as 1864, there were only two stores and two hotels in town. By 1866 when the first proper bridge over the Macquarie was built a journalist reported that the village had 'magnificent and commodious' stores, five hotels with a sixth nearing completion, a mill under construction, and a 'well designed court house and lock-up'. Dubbo's first newspaper went into print in 1866, the first bank opened in 1867 and the first hospital was built in the late 1860s. A vineyard was established in 1868 which became one of the largest in the colony in the 1870s. Gold, coal, chalk, copper, diamonds and other precious stones were also mined in commercial quantities in the district. A tannery and a wool-scouring works were opened in 1873. By the time Dubbo became a municipality in 1872 it had a population of 850 people and it had become the major manufacturing and service centre to much of western NSW. The arrival of the railway (and a railway bridge) in 1881 further contributed to Dubbo's importance. By that time it had 29 hotels, three breweries and a population of 3199, although the railway precipitated further settlement and population growth. Thomas Alexander Browne served as police magistrate at Dubbo from 1881 to 1884. As 'Rolf Boldrewood', he wrote what is considered one of Australia's first novels of any note, Robbery Under Arms, which was published in serial form while he was still at Dubbo. A visitor in 1885 described Dubbo as a 'pretty little town, built on an extensive plateau of squatting land'. He also noted three banks, streets 'mostly lined with neat red brick cottages' and 'a number of substantial shops'. By this time there were also several substantial churches and schools, a library and the town's third and present courthouse was under construction.[SMH Travel] Brighton is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km south-east from Melbourne's central business district. Brighton is named after Brighton in England. In 1840 Henry Dendy bought 5,120 acres of Port Phillip land. A town was surveyed in 1841 and allotments offered for sale. The area soon became "the Brighton Estate". By 1846 Brighton had become the third most populated town in Port Phillip. The town attracted wealthy residents who wanted generous building sites and the prospect of sea bathing. By the late 1840s stately homes were built in an area known as 'The Terrace' now called the Esplanade. The Brighton Post Office opened in 1853. By 1850 there were four churces and two schools, with a third opening in 1855. By 1861 a railway line to Melbourne had been completed. Two years after the opening of the railway line, Captain Kenny’s Brighton Beach Baths opened. At the time, bathing in the open during daylight hours was strictly prohibited, as was mixed bathing. Today Brighton houses some of the wealthiest citizens in Melbourne with grand homes, and the development of large residential blocks of land.[Wikipedia]

Early Settler's cabin, Adelong, NSW
Early Settler's cabin, Adelong, NSW
Photograph - National Archives of Australia
Blacksmith's shop, Adelong, NSW, 1890
Blacksmith's shop, Adelong, NSW, 1890
Photograph - National Library of Australia
Gold mining, Adelong area, c.1900
Gold mining, Adelong area, c.1900
Photograph - Taken from "Dave's ACT"

Adelong is a small town in south-east New South Wales, Australia, near Tumut, about 160km west of Canberra. In 2006 the Adelong district has a population of about 1400, while the town itself had a population of 829. The town's name is said to be derived from an Aboriginal language meaning "along the way" or "plain with a river". It was settled in the 1840s with Adelong Creek station being established in 1843. The initial discovery of gold at Adelong took place in 1853. A gold rush in the following years resulted in the population reaching an estimated 5,000 people by 1855. An Anglican parish was established in the same year and the following year, 1856, saw the formal establishment of the town. In 1857 William Williams discovered both reef and alluvial gold on Mount Charcoal. It is said that Williams, who went by the nickname 'Old Gold Dust', bought a mining claim for £40,000 and sold it for £75,000 later the same day. This rush of luck resulted in the town's population increasing to 20,000 by 1860 of whom nearly 3,000 miners came from China. The area yielded 7,000 ounces of alluvial gold and the reef mines reputedly produced 50 ounces to each ton which was crushed. In total the area yielded nearly 25 tonnes of gold. By 1859 a number of prominent lines of mineralisation were being actively exploited. The two most prominent lines produced 3,798 kg of gold between 1857-1876. During the gold rush the population expanded to more than 30,000. The 1860s and 1870s saw the town booming. Mines and batteries (to crush the reef gold) sprung up along the valley. The mines included such romantically named operations as Donkey Hill, The Challenger, Lady Mary, Long Tunnel, Great Victoria and Gibraltar which, at its peak, was employing 450 men and had tunnels reaching over 400 metres into the surrounding mountains. The Post Office opened in 1859, both St James Roman Catholic Church (1862) and the Methodist Church (1866) were built and the town's Court House was completed in 1874. A number of narrow-gauge tramlines were laid throughout the mine area. Adelong is one of the only two gold mining areas in New South Wales known to have employed a steam locomotive on its tramways. The gold ran out in the latter part of the 19th century and the pastoral industry became the principal activity. This was mainly Merino sheep and beef cattle, and continues today. Gold continued to drive the town's economy until the Gibraltar mine was finally closed down in 1915. Since then the town, although servicing the surrounding farmers (cattle, sheep and orchards are common in the area) has declined particularly as access to the more prosperous nearby towns of Tumut and Wagga Wagga has become easier.[Wikipedia, SMH Travel]

Hercules Street, Ashfield, NSW, c.1905
Hercules Street, Ashfield, NSW, c.1905
Photograph - Ashfield & District Historical Society
30 Arthur Street, Ashfield
1800's cottage, No.30 Arthur Street, Ashfield
Photograph - Realestate.com
Terraces, Arthur Street, Ashfield
Terraces, Arthur Street, Ashfield
Photograph -  Google StreetView

Ashfield is a suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, NSW, Australia, about 9 km south-west of the Sydney central business district. Ashfield's population is today highly multicultural & it has a relatively high urban density for Australia, with the majority of the area's dwellings being a mixture of post-war low-rise flats and Federation-era detached houses. Amongst these are a number of grand Victorian buildings that offer a hint of Ashfield's rich cultural heritage. By 1790, a rough track had been built between the colony's two settlements at Sydney Cove and Parramatta. This route later became the main artery of the expanding Greater Sydney and, as the northern boundary of what is now Ashfield, dictated early British settlement in the area. The first land grant in the area was made to Rev Richard Johnson in 1793 and all of it had been granted by 1810. By the 1820s, all the grants had been amalgamated into two large estates: Ashfield Park (north of Parramatta Road) and Canterbury Estate. Ashfield Park was named by Robert Campbell, whose father was the laird of Ashfield in Scotland. In 1838, Elizabeth Underwood, then owner of Ashfield Park, subdivided part of her land to form the village of Ashfield. Part of the subdivision was the building of St John's Church in 1841, the oldest surviving building in Ashfield. By 1855, the village had about 70 houses and 200 residents. However, the opening of the Sydney-Parramatta railway line that year, with Ashfield as one of its six original stations, led to a population explosion. In 1872, there were enough residents for the area to be granted a municipal council. By 1890, the population had grown to 11,000. During this time, Ashfield was seen as a highly desirable location compared to the city, which had become crowded and pestilent. Many grand Victorian houses were built in the latter part of the 19th century. But by the time of World War I, the suburb had fallen out of favour and the rich residents had mostly headed for the North Shore. Many of the grand homes were knocked down in the 1920s and 30s and replaced with small art deco blocks of flats or semi-detached houses. A few remain, however. By the 1950s, the population of Ashfield had begun to fal. The Council's response was to start approving large blocks of flats, many of which were built during the 1960s and 70s but which also continue to be built today.[Wikipedia]

Station near Forbes, 1923
Station near Forbes, 1923
Etching - Lionel Lindsay
Anzac Cove after the landing, 1915
Anzac Cove after the landing, 1915
Photograph - Imperial War Museum
Anzac Cove, Gallipoli Peninsula, 2002
Anzac Cove, Gallipoli Peninsula, 2002
Photograph - Adam Carr [Wikipedia]

Corinella is today a geographical location about 46km WSW from Forbes, NSW. It is marked by a small primary school, a road intersection and several neighbouring stations (farms). "Final Reminder, 'Corinella' Station Auction Sale. (For many years worked a portion of 'Warroo'). Forbes Country Women's Association Rest Rooms, Thursday 17th December [1936], at 11am. 19,135 acres Freehold and C.P. If unsold as a whole to be offered in five blocks of from 257 acres to 8518 acres. Lithographs, full particulars, and arrangements to Inspect on application to The Commonwealth Wool and Produce Co. Ltd. Head Office: 81 Phillip street Sydney. Melbourne and Branches. Edward Weaver & Co, Forbes, Auctioneers in conjunction."[Sydney Morning Herald 12/12/1936] The Gallipoli Campaign, also known as the Dardanelles Campaign or the Battle of Gallipoli, took place at the peninsula of Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire between 25/4/1915 and 9/1/1916, during WW1. Gallipoli was part of an operation to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and secure a sea route to Russia. The attempt failed, with heavy casualties on both sides. The Gallipoli campaign resonated profoundly among all nations involved. In Turkey, the battle is perceived as a defining moment in the history of the Turkish people. The struggle laid the grounds for the Turkish War of Independence. The campaign was the first major battle undertaken by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and is often considered to mark the birth of national consciousness in both of these countries. Anzac Day remains the most significant commemoration of military casualties and veterans both countries. In early 1915 Australian and New Zealand volunteers were encamped in Egypt, undergoing training prior to being sent to France. They were instead reassigned to the Gallipoli theatre, along with other Allied forces. The Anzacs, who were intended to cut off the Turkish retreat & prevent reinforcements, landed at a small cove, which became known as Anzac Cove. The area held by the British and French became known as the 'Helles sector'. After the initial landings, not much advantage was taken of the situation (apart from a few tentative steps inland), and most troops stayed on, or not far from, the beaches. The Allied attack lost momentum and the Ottomans had time to bring up reinforcements, and the Allied attack turned into a stalemated siege - the Allies unable to push further inland and the Turks were unable to dislodge the Allies from their beachheads. The first attempt at an offensive at Anzac took place on the evening of 2 May. The troops advanced a short distance during the night and tried to dig in to hold their gains, but were forced to retreat by the end of the next day, having suffered about 1,000 casualties. Believing Anzac to be secure, several Anzac brigades were moved to the Helles front for a major assault there. The Ottomans promptly launched a major assault at Anzac on 19 May - 42,000 Ottomans attacked 17,000 Anzacs. The attack was a disaster for the Turks, with 13,000 casualties (Anzac casualties were just 628). The Ottoman losses were so severe that a truce was organized in order to bury the large numbers of dead lying in no man's land. By the end of the Third Battle of Krithia on 4 June, all thought of a decisive breakthrough was gone and the plans for battle had reverted to trench warfare with objectives being measured in hundreds of metres. Casualties ran to around 25% for both sides. The repeated failure of the Allies on the Helles front led lead to a plan for a campaign that is now called the Battle of Sari Bair. On the night of 6 August a fresh landing of two infantry divisions was made at Suvla, 8 km north of Anzac. Meanwhile at Anzac a strong assault was made on the Sari Bair range. The landing at Suvla was only lightly opposed but quickly bogged down and little more than the beach was seized. At Anzac an attack on the Ottoman trenches at Lone Pine by the infantry brigades of the Australian 1st Division was a rare victory for the ANZACs. However, the main assault aimed at the peaks of Chunuk Bair and Hill 971 was less successful. The attack on Chunuk Bair was initially successful, with extremely heavy casualties, but a massive counter attack drove the Allies back. The attack on Hill 971 failed when the Allies became lost during the night. Following the failure of the August Offensive, the Gallipoli campaign entered a hiatus while the future direction was debated. The decision to evacuate was eventually made. The untenable nature of the Allied position was made apparent when a heavy rain-storm struck on 27/11/1915 and lasted for three days, followed by a blizzard at Suvla in early December. The rain flooded trenches, drowning soldiers and washing unburied corpses into the lines. The following snow killed yet more men from exposure. Ironically the evacuation was the greatest Allied success of the campaign. Only two soldiers were wounded during the evacuation. The Dardanelles Commission was established in 1916 to investigate the failure of the expedition. Its final report was issued in 1919, concluding that the offensive had been badly planned and difficulties underestimated, and that government had exacerbated problems through its procrastination. However its censures did not damage careers measurably, further than they already had been. The conditions at Gallipoli, on both sides, were notorious. In the summer, the heat was atrocious, and in conjunction with bad sanitation, led to so many flies that eating became extremely difficult. Corpses, left in the open, became bloated and stank. The precarious Allied bases were poorly situated and caused supply and shelter problems. A dysentery epidemic spread through the Allied trenches in both Anzac and Helles. Autumn and winter brought relief from the heat, but also led to gales, flooding and frostbite. There were nearly half a million casualties during the campaign in addition to these casualties, many soldiers became sick due to the unsanitary conditions, especially from enteric fever, dysentery and diarrhoea. 44,000 Allied soldiers died in the conflict and almost 87,000 Turkish soldiers. "At this hour, on this day, Anzac received its baptism of fire and became one of the immortal names in history. We who are gathered here think of the comrades who went out with us to battle but did not return. We feel them still near us in spirit. We wish to be worthy of their great sacrifice. Let us, therefore, once again dedicate ourselves to the service of the ideals for which they died. As the dawn is even now about to pierce the night, so let their memory inspire us to work for the coming of the new light into the dark places of the world.
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old; Age shall not weary them nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, We will remember them."[Wikipedia]

1st Battalion dugouts, Steele's Post, 3/5/1915
1st Battalion dugouts,
Steele's Post, 3/5/1915
Photo - Charles E. W. Bean
1st Battalion prior to August attack on Lone Pine
1st Battalion prior to August
attack on Lone Pine
Photo -  Aust. War Memorial
The taking of Lone Pine
The taking of Lone Pine,
6th August, 1915
Painting - Fred Leist [The ANZAC Walk]
Captured trenches, Lone Pine, 6/8/1915
Captured trenches,
Lone Pine, 6/8/1915
Photo - Aust. War Memorial

The 1st Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Although its numerical name was designated during the First World War, the 1st Battalion can trace its lineage back to 1854, when a unit of the Volunteer Rifles was raised in Sydney, NSW. This unit has since been redesignated a number of times, however, through its links with the units of the colonial NSW defence force, the battalion's history includes services in the Sudan and South Africa. During the First World War, the 1st Battalion was raised for overseas service in 1914 as part of the First Australian Imperial Force. Attached to the 1st Brigade, the battalion served in Egypt initially before taking part in the fighting in Gallipoli against the Turks. Later the battalion was sent to the Western Front where it fought in the trenches in France and Belgium as part of the Australian Corps. Following the end of the war the battalion was disbanded in 1919. In 1921 the battalion was reformed as part of the Militia as the 1st Battalion (East Sydney Regiment). The 1st Battalion was one of the first infantry units raised in NSW, being formed at Randwick in Sydney in August 1914, within the first fortnight of the war. After a brief period of basic training the 1st Battalion was among the first Australian troops to be deployed overseas, arriving in Egypt on 2/12/1914. After undertaking further training and serving in a static defence role around the Suez Canal, the battalion took part in the Landing at Anzac Cove, coming ashore with the second and third waves on 25/4/1915. Following the initial battle for the heights overlooking the beachhead in which the battalion took part in the attack on the hill known as Baby 700, the Turks regained control of the heights and the battalion was forced to withdrawn to Russel Top and then later to the southern flank near Gaba Tebe. On 27/4/1915, the battalion carried out a desperate bayonet charge for which one of the battalion's officers, Alfred Shout received a Military Cross. In August, the Allies went on the offensive on the Gallipoli peninsula launching the August Offensive. As part of this offensive, the 1st Division was called upon to launch a diversionary attack on Lone Pine. It was during this battle that the battalion took part in arguably its most notable engagement of the campaign. The attack began early on 6 August and after only an hour, the Australians had captured the Turkish positions at Lone Pine. The Turks counterattacked almost immediately and for the course of the next three days the fighting continued, during which time two members of the battalion, Alfred Shout and Leonard Keysor, performed acts of valour for which they were later awarded the Victoria Cross. The Allies evacuated Gallipoli in December 1915 and the 1st Battalion returned to Egypt. While in Egypt the AIF underwent a period of expansion and re-organisation & the 1st was transferred to France at the Western Front. The battalion's first major action in France was at Pozières in July 1916. Later the battalion fought at Ypres, in Belgium, before returning to the Somme in winter. At Bullecourt in 1917, George Howell became the third member of the battalion to receive the Victoria Cross. In 1918 the 1st Battalion helped to stop the German spring offensive before taking part in the Hundred Days Offensive that ultimately brought an end to the war. The battalion remained in the line until late September 1918, when they were withdrawn from the front along with the rest of the Australian Corps for rest and retraining in anticipation of further operations. They were out of the line when the Armistice was declared on 11/11/1918. Following the end of hostilities, the batallion was disbanded. Throughout the course of the war, the 1st Battalion suffered a total of 1,165 men killed and 2,363 wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: three VCs, two CMGs, seven DSOs with one Bar, 40 MCs with one Bar, 29 DCMs, 131 MMs, nine MSMs and 57 MIDs.[Wikipedia]

Lone Pine Cemetery, 1920
Lone Pine Cemetery, 1920
Photograph - ANZAC Site
Lone Pine Cemetery
Lone Pine Cemetery
Photograph - Commonwealth War Graves
Western Suburbs Hospital, Croydon, c.1910
Western Suburbs Hospital, Croydon, c.1910
Photograph - Broadhurst Post Card Publishers

Lone Pine Cemetery derives its name from the single pine tree observed to be growing here when the Australian soldiers came up here from the landing on 25/4/1915. From that date through to August there was much heavy fighting at Lone Pine, the rear of the cemetery today marking where the Anzac lines were during those months and the wall and pylon of the Lone Pine Memorial to the Missing marking the region of the Turkish trenches. During the days of the Lone Pine battle it was decided to build Australia’s principal memorial on Anzac at this spot. To the Turks, Lone Pine was Kanli Sirt – Bloody Ridge – and when, shortly after the end of the war in 1918, an unnamed British visitor came to this ridge he saw everywhere the evidence of the blood that had been spilt there: "On the tumbled soil of the trenches lay the bare white bones, piled or clustered so thickly in places that we had to tread upon them as we passed." The original small battle cemetery was enlarged after the Armistice when scattered graves were brought in from the neighbourhood. There are now 1,167 Commonwealth servicemen buried or commemorated in the cemetery. 504 of the burials are unidentified. The burials and commemorations in Lone Pine represent virtually every phase of the campaign in the Anzac area between the April landing and the December evacuation. 72 graves are of men killed during the ‘Battle of the landing’ between 25 April and 3 May. Most graves, however, are of men killed during the ‘August offensive’ between 6-10 August 1915. Among the unidentified burials are 182 so called ‘special memorials’ for Australians believed to have been buried in Lone Pine. The last Australian to be buried here is Sergeant Edward Grice, 24th Battalion, aged 35 years, who was killed in action on 18 December, just a day before the evacuation on the night of 19/20 December.[Anzac, Commonwealth War Graves Commission]
  Several of those who took part in the August Offensive wrote of their experiences:
"We had a ‘full hand’ dealt us when we were given the trenches won at Lonesome Pine on August 7 … We held it all that Red Sunday … it cost us something like 400 casualties … The trenches were something awful, as the dead of both Australians and Turks were still in them, and mixed up in all kinds of positions. But when things cooled off a little, burial parties were going solidly getting the awful litter away … Sometimes when the attack was solid, our dead in the bottom of the trenches, all huddled up in heaps, and it was with difficulty that fresh men could pass to take up their posts…the 7th Battalion earned distinction, as four V Cs were won by its members." (Corporal John Wadeson)
"In the Lone Pine the moving of the dead goes steadily on. All hope of getting them out for burial is given up and they are being dragged into saps and recesses, which will be filled up. The bottom of the trench is fairly clear, you have not to stand on any as you walk along and the bottom of the trench is not springy, nor do gurgling sounds come from under your feet as you walk on something soft. The men are feeling worn out but are sticking it like Britons. The stench you get used to after a bit unless a body is moved. In all this the men eat, drink and try to sleep. Smoking is their salvation and a drop of rum works wonders … Had a funeral at 6 p.m. One is obsessed with dead men and burials and I am beginning to dream of them. I suppose it is because I am so tired." (Chaplain Walter Dexter, 10/8/1915)
"…toiled with the wounded and dead for three days and nights without rest, and with only three biscuits and six pannikans of tea for nourishment, burying in that period no fewer than 647 men. By the end of that time [he] was so exhausted by lack of rest and food, and so torn with the sight of the suffering and the loss of so many [he] knew, that, [he] confessed years afterwards, [he] wished inexpressibly for death to take him also." (Padre William McKenzie)
"The wounded bodies of both Turks and our own … were piled up 3 and 4 deep … the bombs simply poured in but as fast as our men went down another would take his place. Besides our own wounded the Turks’ wounded lying in our trench were cut to pieces with their own bombs. We had no time to think of our wounded … their pleas for mercy were not heeded … Some poor fellows lay for 30 hours waiting for help and many died still waiting." (Private John Gammage, 1st Battalion)
"… they are stacked out of the way in any convenient place sometimes thrown up on to the parados so as not to block the trenches, there are more dead than living." (De Vine)
"Tubb had at that position ten men, eight of whom were on the parapet, while two corporals, Webb and Wright, were told to remain on the floor of the trench in order to catch and throw back the enemy’s bombs, or else to smother their explosion by throwing over them Turkish overcoats which were lying about the trenches. A few of the enemy, shouting 'Allah!', had in the first rush scrambled into the Australian trench, but had been shot or bayoneted. Tubb and his men now fired at them over the parapet, shooting all who came up Goldenstedt’s Trench or who attempted to creep over the open. Tubb, using his revolver, exposed himself recklessly over the parapet, and his example caused his men to do the same. 'Good boy!' he shouted, slapping the back of one of them who by kneeling on the parapet had shot a sheltering Turk. As the same man said later: 'With him up there you couldn’t think of getting your head down.' But one by one the men who were catching bombs were mutilated. Wright clutched one which burst in his face and killed him. Webb, an orphan from Essendon, continued to catch them, but presently both his hands were blown away and, after walking out of the Pine, he died at Brown’s Dip. At one moment several bombs burst simultaneously in Tubb’s recess. Four men were killed or wounded; a fifth was blown down and his rifle shattered. Tubb, bleeding from bomb-wounds in arm and scalp, continued to fight, supported in the end only by a Ballarat recruit, Corporal Dunstan, and a personal friend of his own, Corporal Burton of Euroa. At this stage there occurred at the barricade a violent explosion, which threw back the defenders and tumbled down the sandbags. It was conjectured that the Turks had fired an explosive charge with the object of destroying the barrier. Tubb, however, drove them off, and Dunstan and Burton were helping to rebuild the barrier when a bomb fell between them, killing Burton and temporarily blinding his comrade. Tubb obtained further men from the next post, Tubb’s Corner; but the enemy’s attack weakened, the Turks continued to bomb and fire rifles into the air, but never again attempting to rush the barricade. Until the last only one doubt obsessed the regimental officers – whether the men, sick with diarrhoea and strained with lack of sleep and heavy work, could sustain prolonged fighting and marching. But, as the battalions marched to the starting-point and settled themselves to wait for the signal, their officers – as often afterwards in France – watched with intense interest the evidence of qualities which, till the end of the war, never ceased to surprise even those who knew the Australian soldier best. Whatever their present feelings, the actual filling and dumping of their packs, the march through the trenches, and the imminence of the advance after months of trench life, provided an excitement which put new vitality into the troops. As they waited in the crowded bays, there was not the least sign of nervousness in face, speech, or action. The prevailing thought was: 'It’s the turn of the1st Brigade to show what they can do.' The men chafed each other dryly, after the manner of spectators waiting to see a football match. Some belated messenger hurried along the trench to find his platoon, and in passing, recognized a friend. 'Au revoir, Bill' He nodded, 'meet you over there.' 'So long, Tom,' was the answer; 'see you again in half-an-hour.' In the opening in the main tunnel – B5, leading forward from the old firing line to the new underground line – stood Major King, whistle in one hand, watch in the other. At the corresponding opening in the underground line was Major McConaghy of the 3rd, ready to repeat the signal for the attack – three blasts of the whistle. Watches had been twice compared and corrected, and while the officers gave a few last hints to their men they kept on eye on the minute-hand as though they were starting a boat race. 'Five twenty-seven – get ready to go over the parapet,' said a young officer crouched in the corner of one fire-step, glancing at his wrist-watch. Almost immediately the order came: 'Pull down the top bags in that recess.' The men of the second line on the fire-step crouched higher against the wall. Those of the third, on the floor of the trench, took a firmer foothold for their spring. A whistle sounded and was repeated shrilly along the front. In a scatter of falling bags and earth the young officer and his men scrambled from the bay. Rifle-shots rang out from the enemy’s trenches, gradually growing into a heavy fusillade. One of the men leaving that particular bay fell back, shot through the mouth. From every section of the Pimple, and from the holes of the forward line, troops were similarly scrambling; the sunny square of the daisy Patch and the scrub south of it were full of figures running forward."(Charles Bean, The Story of Anzac)
"The whole way across it is just one mass of dead bodies, bags of bombs, bales of sandbags, rifles, shovels and all the hundred and one things that had to be rushed across to the enemy trenches. The undergrowth has been cut down, like mown hay, simply stalks left standing, by the rifle fire, whilst the earth itself appears just as though one had taken a huge rake and scratched it all over. Here and there it is torn up where a shell has landed. Right beside me, within a space of fifteen feet, I can count fourteen of our boys stone dead. Ah! It is a piteous sight. Men and boys who yesterday were full of joy and life, now lying there, cold – cold – dead – their eyes glassy, their faces sallow and covered with dust – soulless – gone – somebody’s son, somebody’s boy – now merely a thing. Thank God that their loved ones cannot see them now – dead, with the blood congealed or oozing out. God, what a sight. The major is standing next to me and he says “Well we have won”. Great God – won – that means victory and all those bodies within arm’s reach – then may I never witness a defeat. Just where we have broken into their tunnel there is one of our boys lying with his head and shoulders hanging into the hole; the blood is drip, drip, drip into the trench. I sit watching it –m fascinated; the major has just sat down too on the step into the tunnel and it is dripping on his back. I wonder who this poor devil was. I will look at his identity disc. It is under his chin and his face hangs downwards into the trench. Each time I lift his head it falls back; it is heavy and full of dirt and Ugh, the blood is on my hands – a momentary shudder – but one is used to these sights now, and I simply wipe my hands upon the dirt in the trench. Lying right against the trench (I could get him if it was worth while) lies another; his back is towards me, and he is on his side. From the back of his head down his neck runs a congealed line of dark red, but that is not what I notice; it is his hands. They are clasped before him just as though he was in prayer. I wonder what the prayer was. I wonder if it will be answered, but surely it must. Surely the prayer of one who died so worthily (he was right on the parapet of the Turkish trench ) could not fail to be answered." (Sergeant Lawrence).[The Anzac Walk] 		 
Western Suburbs Hospital, Croydon, was opened in 1893. By special effort, sufficient money had been raised to make it unique in the colony by being opened free of debt. The first Matron was Miss H.C. Henson. In 1901 the hospital was expanded - the size of wards were increased, a new day room and disinfecting room added and asphalt floors replaced with tiles. In 1903 the operating theatre opened. In 1907 the men's wards and separate children's ward added, first X-ray machine was purchased. In 1921 the first Resident Medical Officer was appointed. The hospital was declared redundant & closed in 1994.[Sydney SW Health Service]



1.1.1.1. Hubert 'Bert' Augustus Donald McDonald (s/o William H. A. D. McDonald, s/o William Hubert McDonald Jr, s/o William Hubert McDonald Sr), born 3/9/1879, Molong (near Orange), NSW, Australia.[1,4,5,8,22,149] Died 1936, North Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[1,8,149] Buried 16/12/1936, Soldiers' Portion, Church of England Cemetery, Northern Suburbs (now Macquarie Park Cemetery & Crematorium, Sydney Delhi and Plassey Roads, North Ryde).[46] Labourer, 1918, 1930.[22]
  "McDonald - The funeral of the late Hubert Augustus McDonald, late 57th Battalion, AIF, will leave our funeral home, Miller & Falcon streets, North Sydney, this Wednesday, at 10:30am, for the Soldiers' Portion, Church of England Cemetery, Northern Suburbs. Wood Coffill Limited.(SMH 16/12/1936)"[46]  
Applied to enlist in the Australian Imperial Force, 24/7/1918. Enlistment accepted, 26/7/1918. No previous military or militia service. Enlisted with rank of private. Service No. 66250. At the time of enlistment his physical description was: 37 years & 10 months old, height 5' 4.5", weight 126 pounds, a dark complexion & dark brown hair. Church of England. He had numerous scars on torso, face & limbs including scars on the back, back of right arm & left hand, on the forehead, over the right eye & on the face. Embarked 5/10/1918 as part of the A Company Composite Battalion on the Zealandic. Arrived London, 5/12/1918. Transferred to 57th Battalion, 7/12/1918. Admitted 2nd Group Hospital, Hurdcolt, 6/1/1919 for bronchitis, discharged 24/1/1919 & returned to unit. Transferred to 3rd Infantry Brigade, 8/2/1919. Returned to Australia 25/9/1919 & discharged with rank of private, 2/12/1919, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Received the British War Medal, No.85475. In 1941 the medal was 'found' in Sydney & handed in, receipt dated 28/4/1941 (note 'Bert' was dead by this time).[22] Bert did not see any action during the war. By the time he joined the 57th, the Battalion had been assigned to R&R and by the time the war ended, less than a year later, the battalion had still not been assigned to active duty.[83]
Married Angelina 'Angie' Kate Pedrine,[22] 1/1903, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,149] Angelina, d/o Peter & Mary,[8] was born 2/1/1881, Moruya, Broulee district, NSW, Australia,[4,8] died 28/3/1949, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, Australia (63yo),[8,30,149] & buried Catholic Mortuary 2&3, Section 4, Row 20, plot 535, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30] {Birth indexed as Angie Pedrini.[8]} Resided 1918, No.65 Styles Street, Leichhardt, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[22] Divorced, 17/6/1931.[47]
  "In the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Matrimonial Causes Jurisdiction. No 1597 of 1929. Between Angelina Kate McDonald (formerly Pedrine), Petitioner, And Hubert Augustus McDonald, Respondent. To Hubert Augustus McDonald late of Punchbowl. Take Notice that the abovenamed Angelina Kate McDonald has commenced a suit against you in this Honourable Court and is applying for a dissolution of marriage on the ground of desertion by you for three years and upwards without just cause or excuse and take Notice that you are required to enter an appearance to the said suit at the proper office of this Honourable Court on or before the thirty-first day of January 1930 and in the event of your not doing so within the time limited or obtaining further time the petitioner will proceed and the suit be heard and determined your absence notwithstanding. A copy of the petition filed herein may be had on application to the undersigned solicitors free of charge. Dated this fifth day of November, 1929. Hobbs and Stonham. Solicitors for Petitioner, Wingello House, Angel-place, Sydney. For the Registrar, C. K. Body (L.S.), Chief Clerk in Divorce.(SMH 6/11/1929)"[48]
"In Divorce. Before Mr Justice Owen. McDonald v McDonald. Angelina Kate McDonald (formerly Pedrine) sought dissolution of her marriage with Hubert Augustus McDonald, on the ground of desertion. The marriage took place in January, 1903, at Ashfield, according to the rites of the Church of England. A decree nisi, returnable in six months, was granted. Mr. Stonham (of Messrs. Hobbs and Stonham) appeared for the petitioner.(SMH 30/7/1930)"[49]
In Divorce. Before the Judge In Divorce, Mr. Justice Owen. Decrees Absolute - His Honor pronounced decrees absolute in the following suits: Angelina Kate McDonald v Hubert Augustus McDonald.(SMH 17/6/1931)"[47]
  
Resided 1920s & 1930s Soldier's Settlement, Matraville, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[1] Resided 5/9/1930, Lone Pine Parade, Matraville, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[22]

Children of Hubert 'Bert' Augustus Donald McDonald & Angelina Kate Pedrine:

i.
  
 Hubert Cecil McDonald, born 29/1/1908, Glebe, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[4,8,22,149] Died 25/8/1920, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, Australia (12yo).[4,8,149] Buried with his mother, 27/8/1920, Catholic Mortuary 2&3, Section 4, Row 20, plot 535, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30]

ii.
Austin Raymond McDonald, born 13/6/1910, Portland, NSW, Australia.[4,8,22,149] Died 20/6/1999, Annandale, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149] Married Mary Kathleen Behan, 1940, Annandale, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8] Mary, d/o Patrick John & Ethel D., born 1913, Paddington, Sydney, NSW, Australia, died 3/3/1969, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, Australia,[8,30] & buried Catholic Mortuary 2&3, Section Lawn 3, Row 4, plot 137, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30]


Terraces, Styles Street, Leichhardt
Terraces, Styles Street, Leichhardt
Photograph - Homebound
57th Battalion, Maubegue, France, 1919
57th Battalion, Maubegue, France, 1919
Photograph - Australian War Memorial
Surviving Cottage, Matraville Soldiers' Settlement
Surviving Cottage, Matraville Soldiers' Settlement
Photograph - Wikipedia

Leichhardt is a suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, NSW, Australia. Leichhardt is located 5 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district. Leichhardt contains a mix of residential and commercial developments and is best known as Sydney’s “Little Italy”. Leichhardt is named after the Prussian explorer Ludwig Leichhardt, who in the 1840s was feted for his 4,800 km expedition in search of an overland route from southern Queensland to Port Essington, a British settlement on the far northern coast of Australia. In 1848 he famously vanished without trace on his attempt to cross the continent from the Darling Downs to the Swan River Colony on the Western Australia coast. Leichhardt was proclaimed a municipality in 1871. Since the middle of the 20th century, Leichhardt has been a centre for the Italian community, reflected in the many Italian-owned businesses in the area. Although it has become less distinctively Italian with the increasing gentrification of the suburb and movement of families to suburbs with larger blocks of land, its Italian character is still palpable, particularly in the popular restaurants and cafés of its main street.[Wikipedia] The 57th Battalion was created in Egypt on 18 February 1916. Half of its recruits were Gallipoli veterans from the 5th Battalion, and the other half, fresh reinforcements from Australia. The 57th was predominantly composed of men from the suburbs of Melbourne. The battalion became part of the 15th Brigade of the 5th Australian Division. Having only arrived in France in late June 1916, the 57th became embroiled in its first major battle on the Western Front on 19 July, without the benefit of an introduction to the trenches in a “quiet” sector. The battle of Fromelles was a disaster. Fortunately for the 57th it was allocated a supporting role and suffered relatively light casualties compared to its sister battalions. This, however, meant that 57th carried the burden of holding the line in ensuing days for the battalion. Despite its grievous losses, the 5th Division continued to man the front in the Fromelles sector for a further two months. Early in 1917 the battalion participated in the advance that followed the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line, but it was spared having to assault it. It did, however, defend gains made during the second battle of Bullecourt. Later in the year, the AIF’s focus of operations switched to the Ypres sector in Belgium. The 57th’s major battle here was at Polygon Wood on 26 September. With the collapse of Russia in October 1917, a major German offensive on the Western Front was expected in early 1918. This came in late March and the 5th Division moved to defend the sector around Corbie. During this defence, the 57th Battalion participated in the now legendary counter-attack at Villers-Bretonneux on 25 April. When the Allies launched their own offensive around Amiens on 8 August, the 57th Battalion was amongst the units in action, although its role in the subsequent advance was limited. The battalion entered its last major battle of the war on 29 September 1918. This operation was mounted by the 5th and 3rd Australian Divisions, in co-operation with American forces, to break through the formidable German defences along the St Quentin Canal. The battalion withdrew to rest on 2 October and was still doing so when the war ended. The battalion disbanded in March 1919.[83] Following the Great War some of the returning Australian soldiers were able to move to houses in a special "soldier settlement" at Matraville where the land was provided by the NSW Government. The houses were built with volunteer labour organised through the Voluntary Workers Association and with construction material provided by charities and business in appreciation of the soldier’s contributions during the Great War. The Matraville Soldiers’ Settlement is on the western side of Anzac Parade, named in honour of the soldiers of the Australian Imperial Force, who marched along the road from their barracks at Kensington racecourse to Sydney Harbour where they boarded transport ships to Egypt, Gallipoli and the Western Front.  The Matraville Soldiers’ Settlement consisted of 93 homes for servicemen and the streets were given names after sites of significance to the “Diggers”, including Lone Pine from Gallipoli and Romani from Palestine, with the majority of streets related to the Western Front: Menin Road, Messines Place, Armentieres Way, Amiens Way, Somme Way, Pozieres Avenue, Flers Way, Bapaume Parade, Bullecourt Way, Beaumetz Way and Hamel Way.[1st AIF]



1.1.1.2. Florence Elizabeth McDonald (d/o William H. A. D. McDonald, s/o William Hubert McDonald Jr, s/o William Hubert McDonald Sr), born 25/9/1882, Dubbo, NSW, Australia.[4,5,8,13,149] Died 7/9/1948, Foster Estate, Dorrigo, NSW, Australia.[13,149] Buried Coffs Harbour Historic Cemetery, NSW, Australia.[33] Married Robert McAnally, 17/3/1906, Redfern, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Robert, s/o John George & Ellen, born 1882, Burwood, Sydney, NSW, Australia,[8] & died 31/10/1955, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.[8,13,149]

Children of Florence Elizabeth McDonald & Robert McAnally:

i.
  
 Florence Ruth McAnally, born 14/1/1907, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Died 22/11/1989.[13] Married Charles Harold Campbell, 1935, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.[8] Charles, s/o Robert & Florence, born 1901, Bellingen, NSW, Australia, & died 24/9/1972, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.[8,149]

ii.
William McAnally, born 17/10/1908, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Died 1/9/1974, NSW, Australia,[8,13,33] & buried Coffs Harbour Historic Cemetery, NSW, Australia (65yo).[33] Married Gwendoline Mavis K. Webb, 1945, Grafton, NSW, Australia.[149]

iii.
Ellen Rose McAnally, born 28/10/1911, Grafton, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Died 4/5/1980.[13] Married Harold William Dening, 1937, Chatswood, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8] Harold, s/o Francis George & Ann Jane, died 1968, Burwood, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8]

iv.
Robert John McAnally, born 2/1/1916, Bellingen, NSW, Australia.[8,13,51] Died 13/3/1979, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Enlisted in the Australian Army, service No.NX154408, seeing action in WW2.[51] Enlisted in the field, New Guinea.[51] Next of kin given as Jean McAnally (wife).[51] Married Jean Gentles Appleby, 1942, Kempsey, NSW, Australia.[8] Jean, d/o Herbert James & Jessie Janet, died 7/9/1962, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.[8,149]

v.
Richard George McAnally, born 6/8/1918, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13,53] Enlisted in the Australian Army, service No.N484146, seeing action in WW2.[53] Married Gwendoline Joyce Pepper, 1942, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.[8] Gwendoline, d/o James & Oleva, born 1918, Tocumwal, NSW, Australia.[8] {No death recorded in BMD index so presumably divorced} Married 2nd Judith Ann Cameron, 1956, Narromine, NSW, Australia.[8]

vi.
Albert Henry McAnally, born 9/8/1923, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.[13,51] Enlisted in the Australian Army, service No.67429, seeing action in WW2.[52] Enlisted Sydney, NSW, Australia.[52] Next of kin given as E. McAnally (presumably wife).[50] Married Elsie Cooksley, 1/9/1945, Tamworth, NSW, Australia.[8,13]


Florence Elizabeth McAnally
Florence & Robert McAnally
Photograph - Coffs Harbour Historic Cemetery
William (Bill) McAnally
William (Bill) McAnally
Photograph - Coffs Harbour Historic Cemetery
Empire Day procession, Canterbury, 1907
Empire Day procession, Canterbury, 1907
Photograph - Pictorial Canterbury

Canterbury is a suburb in south-western Sydney, NSW, Australia, 11 km south-west of the Sydney central business district. In 1770, the land along the Cooks River was explored by officers from the HMS Bark Endeavour. In 1793, the area's first land grant was made to the Chaplain of the First Fleet, the Rev. Richard Johnson. He gave the 100 acre grant, located one mile north of the river, the name Canterbury Vale. The grant was passed onto William Cox, who sold the land for 525 pounds to Robert Campbell in 1803, after going bankrupt. By 1834 the Campbell Estate grew to 1,242 acres. In 1865, daughter Sarah Jeffrey subdivided the land into allotments, each containing several acres. The first major industry was established in 1841 with the building of the Australian Sugar Company's sugar mill by the Cooks River to produce molasses and spirits. Other industries and trades such as boiling down works and tanneries later developed along the river. The Methodists built the first church in the suburb, with services beginning in 1841. The railway line was completed in 1895, encouraging suburban development and leading to the area becoming heavily populated. After much petitioning of the State Government by local residents, the Municipality of Canterbury was proclaimed in 1879. A Town Hall was opened in 1889, but eventually Campsie became a more important centre and the city administration was moved from Canterbury in 1962.[Wikipedia]

Grafton, NSW, c.1905
Grafton, NSW, c.1905
Photograph - State Library of Victoria
Bellingen, NSW, 1916
Main Street, Bellingen, NSW, 1916
Photograph - Museum of Victoria
High Street, Coffs Harbour, 1922
High Street, Coffs Harbour, 1922
Photograph - Coffs Harbour Regional Museum

The city of Grafton is the commercial hub of the Clarence River Valley, located on the north-west coast of NSW, Australia, 630 km north of Sydney and 340 km south of Brisbane. Grafton, like many other settlements in the area, was first opened up to white settlement by the cedar-getters. An escaped convict, Richard Craig, 'discovered' the district in 1831. With the wealth of 'red gold' cedar just waiting for exploitation, he was given a pardon and one hundred pounds to bring a party of cedar-getters on the cutter 'Prince George' to the region. Word of such wealth to be had did not take long to spread and one of the arrivals was pioneer John Small on the 'Susan' in 1838, and he first occupied land on Woodford Island. 'The Settlement' (as the embryonic Grafton was then imaginatively named) was established shortly after. A store and shipyard were established, on what is now South Grafton in 1839 and shipbuilding would remain a major local industry until the end of the century when the railways began to dominate internal trade. In 1851, Governor FitzRoy officially named the town "Grafton", after his grandfather, the Duke of Grafton. Grafton was proclaimed a city in 1885. Local industries include, logging, beef cattle, fishing/prawning, sugar, manufacturing and tourism is a growing part of the local economy. Grafton was declared a city in the mid-1880s, by which time its population had surpassed 4000. The arrival of the railway at Glen Innes in 1883 and the completion of the Casino to North Grafton line in 1905, contributed to a slow decline in Grafton's importance as a regional port although the river trade continued until the 1950s.[Wikipedia, SMH Travel] Bellingen is an township in the heart of the Bellinger Valley surrounded by rich pastureland, about halfway between Sydney and Brisbane. Traditionally a rather substantial town on the Bellinger River servicing the surrounding dairy farmers and timber cutters in recent times it has seen an influx of people fleeing from the city. The name is derived from 'billengen', which was the name given to the river by the local Aboriginies. Alternatively the name may have come from "Baalijin", the local aboriginal name for the Quoll. The first European into the Bellinger Valley was the stockman William Myles who arrived in 1840 looking for new valleys north of Kempsey and the Macleay River. The following year Myles, accompanied by Surveyor Clement Hodgkinson explored the valley and by 1842 there were cedar cutters at the mouth of the Bellinger River and sheep grazing in the valley. This was hardly surprising because Hodgkinson reported back 'The brush contained the finest cedar and rosewood I have ever seen.' So determined were the local Aborigines to keep the cedar cutters and explorers off their land that they regularly attacked the cedar cutters camps. In the 1890s, Bellingen was selected as the government centre of the valley, due to its location at the tidal limit of the Bellinger River and the availability of fresh water. A period of rapid growth ensued. By the early 1900s, red cedar supplies were virtually depleted, except for those that survived in the inaccessible upper reaches of the Bellinger Valley. The town continued to grow through the twentieth century. The Bank of NSW arrived in 1903. By 1905 the Upper Bellingen Co-op Dairying Co. was established and the shire was formally proclaimed in 1906. In 1909 a new Post Office had been built and that same year Hammond & Wheatley built the first concrete building in Australia. The progress in the valley continued throughout this century and was characterised by the town reflecting the success of the local dairy industry. The rich soils of the valley and the extensive sunshine and good rainfall ensured that it would always be prosperous.[Wikipedia, SMH Travel] Coffs Harbour is a coastal city located on the north coast of New South Wales about 540 km north of Sydney & 440 km south of Brisbane. The region has a wintertime population of over 70,000 that swells to 100,000 in the holiday seasons. Popular with people wanting to relocate from big cities to small towns on the coast or in rural areas, Coffs Harbour continues to grow at an exceptional rate. Coffs Harbour is claimed to have the most livable climate in Australia, and it is nestled between a high mountain backdrop and dozens of "unspoiled" beaches. Coffs Harbour's economy is based mainly on banana farming & tourism. It is said that the first Europeans in the area were convict escapees who took refuge on offshore Muttonbird Island in 1791. Timbergetters began to open up the Bellinger Valley from 1841. At its peak, 4.5 million metres of timber a year were shipped from Coffs Harbour. Inevitably, such plunder led to a shortage of resources and the decline of the industry in the 1920s. Coffs Harbour owes its name to John Korff, who named the area Korff's Harbour when he was forced to take shelter from storm in the area in 1847. Its name was accidentally changed by the surveyor for the crown when he reserved land in the area during 1861. The area was opened up for selection from 1863 although there was little settlement until 1880. Gold mining took place between 1881 and 1898. Although some ventures were prosperous, all were short-lived. By the early 1900s, the Coffs Harbour area had become an important timber production centre. Before the opening of the North Coast Railway Line, the only way to transport large items of heavy but low value, such as timber, was by coastal shipping. This meant sawmillers on the North Coast were dependent on jetties either in rivers or off beaches for exporting their timber. Timber tramways were constructed to connect the timber-getting areas, the sawmills and jetties built into the ocean at Coffs Harbour. After 1900 dairy farmers began to settle in the area. A butter factory opened in 1910, although the degradation of pasturage and a switch to bananas saw the industry shrink after World War II. The railway arrived in 1915, causing a decline in shipping but an increase in tourism which had commenced with the development of the first access road in 1884. Of all Australia's ''big'' attractions, nothing quite compares with Coff Harbour's 'Big Banana'. In 1995 it was voted ''the most bizarre and grotesque tourist attraction in the world'' in a survey of travellers. Opened in 1964, it still attracts more than 900,000 visitors each year. And, most significantly, it is recognised as Australia's first ''big'' tourist attraction and therefore can be regarded as the precursor to every other ''big'' thing in the country.[Wikipedia, SMH Travel]



1.1.1.4. Isabella Mabel McDonald (d/o William H. A. D. McDonald, s/o William Hubert McDonald Jr, s/o William Hubert McDonald Sr), born 6/9/1891, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[4,5,8,13] Died 12/8/1948,[8,13,149] Newcastle, NSW, Australia.[8]
  "Frazer, Isabel Mabel. August 12, 1948, at Newcastle, of 11 Allen Street, Wollongong, loved wife of Walter Henry Frazer and dear mother of Cecil, Edna, Milton, Lillian and George, aged 57 years.(SMH 14/8/1948)"[43]  
Married Walter Henry Frazer, 30/7/1910, Lithgow, NSW, Australia.[8,149] Walter, s/o John Henry & Elizabeth,[8] born 16/8/1888,[13] and died 9/8/1969, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Resided 1948, No.11 Allen Street, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.[43]

Children of Isabella Mabel McDonald & Walter Henry Frazer:

i.
  
 Cecil (Cyril) John Frazer, born 30/9/1912, Newtown, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Married Isabel Dick, 12/11/1938, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.[8,13,149]

ii.
William Henry Frazer, born 1914, Portland, NSW, Australia.[8] Died 1914, Lithgow, NSW, Australia.[8]

iii.
Rose Frazer, born 1917, Portland, NSW, Australia.[8] Died 1917, Portland, NSW, Australia.[8]

iv.
Edna Joyce Frazer, born 23/7/1917, Portland, NSW, Australia.[13] Married Edward Samuel Boyce, 30/3/1939, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Edward, s/o William & Mary, born 1914, Adelong, NSW, Australia.[8]

v.
Lillian Joan Frazer, born 9/5/1922, Portland, NSW, Australia.[13] Died 8/10/1993, Maroubra, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[13,149] Married Kevin Allan 'Ross' Mallon, 7/6/1952, Bondi, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13,149] Ross died 3/10/1993, Maroubra, Sydey, NSW, Australia.[149]

vi.
Milton Walter Frazer, born 9/5/1924, Portland, NSW, Australia.[13] Married Erica June Wheeler, 20/5/1950, Bulli, NSW, Australia.[8,13]

vii.
George Donald Frazer, born 6/5/1927, Portland, NSW, Australia.[13] Married Gloria Elaine Campbell, 11/12/1954, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Married 2nd Shirley Weston, 1/4/1966.[149]


Main Street, Portland, NSW, 2009
Main Street, Portland, NSW, 2009
Photograph - Screen NSW
Portland Cement Works, 1902
Portland Cement Works, 1901
Drawing - The Old Bank Shop, Portland
11 Allan Street, Wollongong
11 Allan Street, Wollongong
Photograph - Google StreetView

Portland lies in the middle of the Great Dividing Range, between Lithgow and Bathurst. The town of Portland is of interest as a historic mining town, and also as the place of the first cement factory in Australia, which was opened in 1902. Cement produced at the "Commonwealth Portland Cement Company" mill helped build up the cities of Sydney, Melbourne, and Canberra. "Portland cement", a phrase synonymous with high quality cement anywhere in the world, was shipped throughout Australia, until the cement mill was closed in 1991. The first European in the area was James Blackman who surveyed roads in the area in 1820 and today Blackman's Flat and Blackman's Crown bear the family name. The cement industry started in 1863 when Thomas Murray selected 61 hectares of land and constructed his first lime kiln. The railway came to Portland in 1883 and the station was called Cullen Siding until 1889. The Cullen Bullen Lime and Cement Company established operations in the village that year. During the early 1890’s, the first cement-making kilns west of the Blue Mountains were built in Portland. The old bottle kilns still survive. In 1894 the village was gazetted as Portland, possibly named after the limestone rich Isle of Portland, on the southern shores of England. Others say the name derived from the Portland cement-making process. The cement works opened in 1902 and Portland was declared a town in 1906. Dr August Wilhelm Karl Scheidel can be considered the father of the modern cement industry in Australia. He registered the Commonwealth Portland Cement Company Ltd in Sydney in December 1900 on behalf of the New Zealand Mines Trust whose Board of Directors was in England. He was a brilliant man who designed the cement works at Portland and supervised their construction. Dr Scheidel was a pioneer in industrial relations who insured his employees against accidents and introduced the eight-hour work day at the Portland cement works. He provided an ambulance service and accident ward for the works which he shared with the town when such facilities were rare in the country. He supported the building of a hospital, which was opened in 1913. In 1901 he provided land for a church in the southwest corner of the cement works, which is still in use today as the Anglican Church. The Portland cement works provided free street lighting for the town and housing for staff members. Many of those building still survive in the town today.[Wikipedia, Portland] Wollongong is a seaside city located in the Illawarra region of NSW. It lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 82 km south of Sydney. Today the city is the 3rd largest in NSW & the 9th largest in Australia. Wollongong is a city with a long history of mining and industry, with coal mines, a steelworks and an industrial port. The name Wollongong is believed to mean "sound of the sea" in the local Aboriginal language, although other explanations have been offered, such as "great feast of fish", "hard ground near water", "song of the sea", "sound of the waves", "many snakes" and "five islands". The coastal strip consists of highly fertile alluvium, which made Wollongong so attractive to agriculturists in the nineteenth century. It contains many hills including the foothills of the escarpment’s lower slopes, and while these generally do not exceed one hundred metres in height they give much of the city an undulating character. The first Europeans to visit the area were the navigators George Bass and Matthew Flinders, who landed at Lake Illawarra in 1796. The first settlers in the region were cedar cutters in the early nineteenth century, followed by graziers in 1812. Charles Throsby established a stockman's hut in the area in 1815. The first land grants were made in 1816. In 1830, a military barracks was constructed near the harbour. Further settlers arrived and in 1834 a town was planned. That year the town was first gazetted and George Brown erected the first court house. By 1856 Wollongong had a population of 864. George Bass first documented the Illawarra coal deposits in 1797 & the district is one of Australia's most important coal mining areas. Heavy industry was attracted to the region by the ready availability of coal. In 1928 Hoskins, later Australian Iron & Steel, started a steelworks at Port Kembla, a few km south of Wollongong. Other industries to have set up in the massive Port Kembla industrial complex - the largest single concentration of heavy industry in Australia - include a fertiliser plant, an electrolytic copper smelter, a locomotive workshop, a coal export shipping terminal, a grain export shipping terminal and an industrial gases manufacturing plant. In 1942 Wollongong was proclaimed a City. In 1954 the population of Wollongong was 90,852.[Wikipedia]



1.1.1.5. Rosie 'Topsy' May McDonald,[41] (d/o William H. A. D. McDonald, s/o William Hubert McDonald Jr, s/o William Hubert McDonald Sr) born 16/9/1893, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[1,4,5,8,13,149] Died 23/12/1967, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, Australia (74yo).[8,30] Buried Catholic Mortuary 2&3, Section 10, Row 32, plot 2525-2526, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30] Married Thomas Francis Carlin,[41] 1914, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Thomas, s/o Bernard Joseph & Julia, born 1889, Waterloo, Sydney, NSW, Australia, died 13/9/1953, Ashfield, Sydney, NSW, Australia (64yo),[8,30] & buried 15/9/1953 with his wife.[30,42]
  "Carlin. The Relatives and Friends of the late Thomas Francis Carlin of 43 Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, are kindly invited to attend his Funeral; to leave St Jerome's Church, Punchbowl, this morning after Requiem Mass commencing at 9 o'clock for the Catholic Cemetery, Rookwood. Labor Motor Funerals, South Terrace, Bankstown Phone LA2777 (4 lines).
Carlin. The H.A.C.B.S., St Jerome's Branch, No 795. The Officers and Members of the above Lodge are Invited to attend the funeral of their late esteemed Foundation Pres., Thomas Francis Carlin. For details see above Notice. P. Moloney Pres., J A Selby Sec.(SMH 15/9/1953)"[42]
  
Resided 1916, No.13 Farr Street, Rockdale, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[12] Resided 1932, No 47 Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[45] Resided 1953, No 43 Old Kent Road, Punchbowl, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[42]

Children of Rosie 'Topsy' May McDonald & Thomas Francis Carlin:

i.
  
 Thelma May Carlin, born 1914, Redfern, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13] Died 1/12/2005, Scarborough, Queensland, Australia.[149] Married Edward Charles Woods, 1934, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,149] Charles died 28/2/2002, Scarborough, Queensland, Australia.[149]

ii.
Ella Rose Carlin, born 15/5/1916, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13,41] Married Joseph Albert Antoine, 25/6/1938, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8,13,41] Joseph, s/o John Joseph & Elizabeth Mary, born 30/7/1914, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia,[8] died 27/4/2001, Canberra Private Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia & buried 3/5/2001, Norwood Park Crematorium, Canberra, ACT.[41]
Children: (a)
  
 Yvonne Ella Antoine, born 28/1/1940, St Margarets Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[41] Married Russell Stucki, 26/8/1961, St. Mell's, Campsie, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[41] Russell, s/o Fritz & Marjorie.[41]
(b)
Kevin Joseph Antoine, born 3/1/1943.[41]
(c)
Denise Marie Antoine, born 26/8/1945.[41]

iii.
Eileen G. Carlin, born 1918, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[13] Died 15/2/1932, Redfern, Sydney, NSW, Australia (13yo).[8,13,30] Buried with parents, 17/2/1932, Catholic Mortuary 2&3, Section 10, Row 32, plot 2525-2526, Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[30,45]
  "Carlin. The Relatives and Friends of Mr and Mrs T. Carlin and Family are kindly invited to attend the Funeral of their dearly beloved daughter and their sister Eileen Carlin; to leave her parents residence, No 47 Old Kent road, Punchbowl, this (Wednesday) afternoon at 2 o clock for Catholic Cemetery Rookwood. William Metcalfe and Co Limited, Parramatta.
Carlin. The Relatives and friends of Mr and Mrs B. Carlin and family Mr and Mrs W. Frazer and family are kindly invited to attend the funeral of their dearly beloved grand-daughter and their Niece Eileen Carlin; to move from her parents residence, No 47 Old Kent road, Punchbowl, this (Wednesday) afternoon at 2 o'clock for Catholic Cemetery, Rookwood. William Metcalfe and Co Limited, Parramatta.(SMH 17/2/1932)"[45]		  

iv.
Bernard Thomas Carlin, born 5/6/1920, Punchbowl, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[50] Died 1970.[149] Married Elizabeth Doran, 1943, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[8] Enlisted in the Australian Army, service No.NX200247, seeing action in WW2.[50] Enlisted Paddington, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[50] Next of kin given as Elizabeth Carlin (presumably wife).[50]

v.
Christie Charles Carlin, born 1920, Punchbowl, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149] Died 4/2/1983, Yagoona West, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149] Married Marion Austin Jones, 1939, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149] Marion born 1906 & died 23/1/1987 in Yagoona West, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149]

vi.
William Francis 'Frank' Carlin, born 1922, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[13,149] Died 5/12/1997, Padstow, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149]

vii.
Veronica Elsie Carlin, born 1920s, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149] Married Alan Bateman, 1944, Canterbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia.[149]


13 Farr Street, Rockdale, NSW
13 Farr Street, Rockdale, NSW
Photograph - Google StreetView
St Jerome Catholic Church, Punchbowl
St Jerome Catholic Church, Punchbowl
Photograph - J. Bar [Wikipedia]
47 Old Kent Rd, Punchbowl (now Greenacre)
47 Old Kent Rd, Punchbowl (now Greenacre)
Photograph - Google StreetView

Rockdale is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, 13 km south of the Sydney central business district. Rockdale was known by Europeans as Frog Hollow, then White Gum Flat and later West Botany. West Botany Municipality was declared in 1871. A council chambers was built in 1872 and was used until 1888 when a new building was erected on the site of the present Rockdale Town Hall, which was then demolished and rebuilt after World War 2. There was a suggestion that the area become the Municipality of Scarborough but the name Rockdale was suggested by pioneer Mary Ann Geeves, postmistress and tollgate keeper and was officially adopted in 1887. Her husband, Yeoman Geeves, was a ganger on the construction of Rocky Point Road. Residential development began with the opening of the railway in 1884. Until 1949, an electric tramway operated between Rockdale Station down Bay Street to Brighton-Le-Sands.[Wikipedia] Punchbowl, a suburb in south-western Sydney, 17 km south-west of the Sydney central business district. Punchbowl is named for a circular valley, called 'the punch bowl'. This feature gave its name to 'Punch Bowl Road'. In the 1830s, an inn built by George Faulkener, close to the corner of Liverpool Road, was called the Punch and Bowl. When a railway station opened on this road in 1909, 3 km away from the 'punch bowl' itself, the surrounding suburb came to be known as Punchbowl. In the 1920s and 1930s, Punchbowl was a higher-class suburb, with a number of popular theatres that were closed down or demolished thirty years later. Punchbowl is a mainly residential suburb. Much of the suburb was developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, especially after the railway line to Bankstown was built. The suburb features a mixture of Federation, Art Deco and contemporary homes. Parts of Punchbowl have been redeveloped since the turn of the 21st century, with flats, townhouses and modern detached houses built.[Wikipedia, Punchbowl] Greenacre is a suburb in the South-western Sydney region. This area was once known as East Bankstown. When the first road went through the area, an acre of land was cleared for cultivation. The contrast to its surrounding area led to it being referred to as the 'Green Acre'. In 1909, Greenacre Park Estate became one of the first subdivisions in the area. Michael Ryan operated an inn called the Harp of Ould Erin on land he owned to the north of Liverpool Road.[Wikipedia] No.43 Old Kent Road has, alas, been demolished.

Rose May McDonald
Rose May McDonald
Image - Paul Murphy
Thomas Francis Carlin
Thomas Francis Carlin
Image - Paul Murphy
Ella Rose Carlin
Ella Rose Carlin
Image - Paul Murphy
Joseph Albert Antoine
Joseph Albert Antoine
Image - Paul Murphy

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